metaphor

摘要： Objective: To investigate how medical students process Western medicine(WM) terms vs. traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) terms and how this is impacted by analogical priming from the perspective of cognitive neuroscience.Methods: The experiments were designed as a 2(TCM terms vs. WM terms) × 2(correct terms vs.incorrect terms) × 2(analogical priming task vs. non-priming task) scheme. A total of 26 medical students completed a non-priming judgment task and an analogical priming judgment task on medical terms. During the tasks, the participants were asked to make correct/incorrect judgments on WM terms and TCM terms, and their behavioral data and event-related potentials(ERPs) were recorded.Results: Behaviorally, the response speed and accuracy of WM terms were higher than those of TCM terms(both P <.001), indicating a prominent concreteness effect. Analogical priming shortened the response time to medical terms(P <.001), and the response time to TCM terms was shortened more significantly(P =.001). For ERPs, WM terms induced a larger P200(an early positive ERP component), a smaller N400(a negative ERP component), and a higher late positive ERP component, indicating superiority of attention adjustment, smaller-scale semantic activation, and a higher cost of late semantic analysis and integration. However, the analogical priming eliminated the difference between WM and TCM terms in P200 and N400 while maintaining it in the LPC. This suggests that WM terms are sensitive to analogical attention adjustment, and TCM terms are susceptible to analogical semantic integration.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that WM and TCM disease behavior terms may initially differ in concreteness or the use of a verbal-linguistic system. Analogy is more conducive to understanding TCM terms. This research provides important neuroscientific evidence of the difference in thinking between TCM and WM.

摘要： The spatial consciousness of the ancients is reflected in the character formation,structure,and writing of the oracle bones.Piaget‟s genetic epistemology,Merleau-Ponty‟s philosophy of body,and cognitive linguistics suggest that human spatial awareness is derived from the formation of a spatial awareness of the body,and evidence for this can be found in the body-related characters in the oracle bones.As a combination of symbols and images,the oracle bones are themselves a spatial metaphor that can compensate for the lack of symbolic language and serve as a reference for the aesthetic language advocated by Adorno.

摘要： 苏珊·桑塔格(Susan Sontag)在《疾病的隐喻》(Illness as Metaphor and AIDS and Its Metaphors)中指出,任何一种病因不明、医治无效的重疾,都充斥着意义,没有比赋予疾病某种意义更具有惩罚性的了。她反思并批判了如结核病、艾滋病、癌症等在社会中被赋予隐喻,导致患者要承受一种加诸疾病之上的道德评判并陷入伦理困境。因此,她提出,疾病不应该带有任何隐喻,要摆脱隐喻,就必须正视、揭露、批评、细究、接纳和利用它。笔者通过疾病叙事类文学作品来解读这种隐喻背后的深意,以提高大家对于疾病价值和意义的深刻认识。在叙事医学理念的指引下,医者应该帮助患者正视隐喻的“污名化”枷锁和“宿命论”思想,接受并且好好利用它,将其转化成一种积极的、有希望的隐喻,帮助患者在饱受歧视的世界里寻求新的突破。

摘要： When teachers talk about teaching and learning they perhaps reveal more than they realize about their beliefs and values.It is these beliefs and values,often embodied in personally significant images,that provide valuable insights for teacher educators.This article reviews current thinking on the uses of metaphor,and suggests ways in which awareness of,and experimentation with,teachers'metaphors for teaching might usefully be incorporated into training programmes.

摘要： Embodied philosophy see metaphorical and metonymy thinking and language as grounded in the interactions between bodily experience,mind,and world.An important application of embodied philosophy is to explain the cognitive mechanism behind the generation of polysemy in language.As a crucial part of cognitive linguistics,conceptual metaphor and metonymy theory illustrates the progress of human’s cognitive capacities essentially,i.e.from concrete and simple categories to abstract and complex categories.This paper advocates a method of seeking the relation between metonymy and metaphor in generating polysemic words to prove that embodied philosophy lays the philosophical theoretical foundation for language research,including the mechanism and specific methods of adopting this method.By examining the relation between metaphor and cognitive mind supported by embodied philosophy,the traditional view that language is autonomously generated can be eradicated.On the basis of previous researches,this paper adopts the mechanism of a continuum of metaphor and metonymy to illustrate polysemy through a case study of the word“Star”and analyzes the reflection of embodied philosophy in the generation of polysemy.The findings will bring certain advantages to the cognitive study of polysemy,to the research on interaction between metaphor and metonymy,and to the reflection of philosophy in language.

摘要： The English translation of modern and contemporary Chinese poetry can help“Chinese culture go abroad”,which has far-reaching influence on the culture communication.Therefore,the accurate understanding of the metaphors in poetry is extremely necessary.This paper takes Dai Wangshu’s poem“Rainy Alley”and its English translations as the research subjects,and explores the different understandings of metaphors in Chinese and Western cultures from the perspective of cognitive linguistic.This paper finds out that the translation of metaphors in poetry should always base on the“emotion”so as to accurately translate the poetry.

摘要： Teachers'images Teachers metaphors,then,offer an insight into the images teachers holdof teaching and learning:The image is a brief,descriptive,and sometimes metaphoric statementwhich seems to capture some essential aspect of[the teacher's]perception of herself,her teaching,her situation in the classroom orher subject matter.(Elbaz,1983:137)。

摘要： T.S.Eliot’s The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock is one of the important poems in his early writing life,but this is not a traditional love song as expected.The paper tries to use metaphor,contrast,and allusion to analyze this poem from the perspective of defamiliarization to reveal its defamiliarization effect,aiming to disclose modern people’s blank spirit and drying emotion.

摘要： The current study aims at exploring and identifying the use of metaphors in Jordan Parliamentary elections headlines as used by RASED Jordan.The data of the study consist of 50 headlines derived from RASED Jordan website.A Metaphor Identification Procedure(MIP)is used to achieve the study aims.In this regard,the framework of Pragglejaz Group(2007)is adopted to identify the metaphors in the corpus.The results of the study revealed that there are four conceptual metaphors in Jordan Parliamentary elections headlines as used by RASED Jordan.They are“election is war”,“election is fire”,“election is race”,and“election is health status”.The study findings also indicated that the most dominant metaphor is“election is war”,while the least common is“election is health status”.

摘要： This study aims at exploring and identifying the use of metaphors in Jordan parliamentary elections headlines as used by RASED Jordan.The data of the study consist of 50 headlines derived from RASED Jordan website.A Metaphor Identification Procedure(MIP)is used to achieve the study aims.In this regard,the framework of Pragglejaz Group(2007)is adopted to identify the metaphors in the corpus.The results of the study revealed that there are four conceptual metaphors in Jordan parliamentary elections headlines as used by RASED Jordan.They are“ELECTION IS WAR”,“ELECTION IS A FIRE”,“ELECTION IS A RACE”,and“ELECTION IS A HEALTH STATUS”.The study findings also indicated that the most dominant metaphor is“ELECTION IS WAR”,while the least common one is“ELECTION IS A HEALTH STATUS”.