摘要:
Objective To discuss the clinical value and safety of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) in screening mediastinal and hilar lymphadenectasis;to summarize similarities and differences of clinical features between benign and malignant diseases,so as to provide theoretical basis for clinical di agnosis and treatment of such diseases.Methods EBUS TBNA was performed on 47 hospitalized patients,who had been diagnosed with mediastinal lymphadenectasis through HRCT in respiratory medicine department of Peking University Third Hospital from January 1st,2014 to December 31st,2014,and statistical analysis on clinical data was conducted based on the results of EBUS-TBNA.Results 47 patients were included in this study,and 85 lymph nodes were performed biopsy.The sensitivity,accuracy and specificity of diagnosis through EBUS-TBNA were 91.5%,85.1 % and 97.9%,respectively,with no complications.19 (40.4 %) cases were eventually diagnosed as malignant diseases through EBUS-TBNA,while 28 were benign diseases.The average age of subjects was (53.83 ± 15.05) years old,and patients in malignant group were significantly elder than those in benign group (P<0.05),since their average ages were (61.68±13.76) and (48.50 ±15.48) years old,respectively.The ratio of major axis to minor axis of the largest lymph node was found significant lower in patients in malignant group than those in benign group through HRCT,with the value as (1.28 ± 0.20) and (1.63± 0.57),respectively.Conclusions EBUS-TBNA has excellent sensitivity,accuracy,specificity and safety in diagnosing mediastinal and hilar lymphadenectasis.Older male,positive CEA,almost circular lymph node showed in HECT were factors requiring particular attention.It is advised that EBUS-TBNA should be conducted for definite diagnosis as early as possible,so as to achieve early treatment.%目的 探讨超声支气管镜引导下经支气管针吸活检术(EBUS-TBNA)在筛查纵隔肺门淋巴结肿大疾病中的临床应用价值及安全性.方法 对在我院呼吸内科住院的47例纵隔淋巴结肿大患者行EBUS-TBNA检查,并根据其结果对患者的临床资料进行统计分析.结果 入选患者47例,共穿刺85个淋巴结,诊断的灵敏度为91.5%、准确度为85.1%、特异度97.9%,未出现并发症.最终确诊为恶性病变的有19例(40.4%),包括肺腺癌12例,小细胞肺癌3例,肺纵隔淋巴结转移癌2例,肺鳞癌1例,T淋巴细胞瘤1例.良性病变包括结核病9例,结节病15例,其他4例.入选的男17例,恶性患者为9例(52.9%);女30例,恶性患者为10例(33.3%),男性恶变率高于女性.良性组的平均年龄(48.50±15.48)岁,恶性组的平均年龄(61.68±13.76)岁,恶性病变组年龄较大(P<0.05).恶性组血清癌胚抗原(CEA)明显高于良性病变组.胸部HRCT检查中良性病变组最大淋巴结长径/短径值(1.63±0.57),恶性病变组最大淋巴结长径/短径值(1.28±0.20),恶性病变组明显小于良性病变组.结论 EBUS-TBNA在纵隔、肺门淋巴结肿大的诊断中具有良好的灵敏度、准确率、特异度及安全性.大龄男性,CEA阳性,HRCT检查中肿大淋巴结形状更接近“圆形”的患者需特别注意,尽早采用EBUS-TBNA明确诊断,以便早期治疗.