cells

摘要： Background:Safflower is a traditional medicine that is widely used to treat various diseases.Safflower polysaccharide is one of the effective constituents of safflower.This study explored the anti-tumor effect of safflower polysaccharide and its possible mechanism.Methods:The MTT assay was used to detect the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells(SMMC-7721 cells).We observed cell apoptosis with a fluorescence microscope.And we used qRT-PCR and western blot to detect the expression of cell cycle related factors.Results:Safflower polysaccharide could inhibit the growth of SMMC-7721 cells in a dose-dependent manner and induce its apoptosis.Compared with the blank group,the cell proliferation-related protein of CDC25B and Survivin were down-regulated in SMMC-7721 cells treated with safflower polysaccharide,while the cell apoptosis-related protein levels of P53 and P38MAPK were up-regulated(P<0.05).In addition,safflower polysaccharide inhibited the protein levels of CDC2(P<0.05).Conclusion:Safflower polysaccharide can inhibit the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis,and the P38MAPK pathway may play an important role in this process.

摘要： Body fluids contain a large number of disease markers including proteins,exosomes and cells,the concentration of which indicates the health status of a body system and can be hence applied to predict the degree of seriousness of a disease.However,the content of disease markers is relatively low.For solving this problem,a variety of pretreatment methods have been developed,among which aptamer-based nanomaterials hold great potential for biomarker capture because of various natural properties of nano-substrates such as high specific surface area,as well as the high affinity of aptamer towards target and the higher stability than antibody.In this review,we summarized the recent aptamer-based nanomaterials for the separation and analysis of different biomarkers including proteins,exosomes and cells.More specifically,the standard of classification description was based on the applied substrates including magnetic substrates and non-magnetic substrates.Moreover,the perspective of aptamer-based nanomaterials was discussed.

摘要： The cell is the basic unit of life.Some organisms are made up of a single cell,like bacteria,while others are made up of trillions of cells.Human beings are made up of cells,too.Different Types of Cells There are lots of different types of cells.Each type of cell is different and performs a different function.In the human body,we have nerve cells which can be as long as from our feet to our spinal cord.Nerve cells help to transport messages around the body.We also have billions of tiny little brain cells which help us think and muscle cells which help us move around.There are many more cells in our body that help us to function and stay alive.

摘要： The development of advanced transition metal/nitrogen/carbon-based(M/N/C)catalysts with high activity and extended durability for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is critical for platinum-group-metal(PGM)free fuel cells but still remains great challenging.In this review,we summarize the recent progress in two typical M/N/C catalysts(atomically dispersed metal-nitrogen-carbon(M-N-C)catalysts and carbon-supported metal nanoparticles with N-doped carbon shells(M@NC))with an emphasis on their potential applications in fuel cells.Starting with understanding the active sites in these two types of catalysts,the representative innovative strategies for enhancing their intrinsic activity and increasing the density of these sites are systematically introduced.The synergistic effects of M-N-C and M@NC are subsequently discussed for those M/N/C catalysts combining both of them.To translate the material-level catalyst performance into high-performance devices,we also include the recent progress in engineering the porous structure and durability of M/N/C catalysts towards efficient performance in fuel cell devices.From the viewpoint of industrial applications,the scale-up cost-effective synthesis of M/N/C catalysts has been lastly briefed.With this knowledge,the challenges and perspectives in designing advanced M/N/C catalysts for potential PGM-free fuel cells are proposed.

摘要： The pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is not completely understood.However,several factors are known to play a role in pathophysiology of IBS such as genetics,diet,gut microbiota,gut endocrine cells,stress and low-grade inflammation.Understanding the pathophysiology of IBS may open the way for new treatment approaches.Low density of intestinal stem cells and low differentiation toward enteroendocrine cells has been reported recently in patients with IBS.These abnormalities are believed to be the cause of the low density of enteroendocrine cells seen in patients with IBS.Enteroendocrine cells regulate gastrointestinal motility,secretion,absorption and visceral sensitivity.Gastrointestinal dysmotility,abnormal absorption/secretion and visceral hypersensitivity are all seen in patients with IBS and haven been attributed to the low density the intestinal enteroendocrine cells in these patients.The present review conducted a literature search in Medline(Pub Med)covering the last ten years until November 2019,where articles in English were included.Articles about the intestinal stem cells and their possible role in the pathophysiology of IBS are discussed in the present review.The present review discusses the assumption that intestinal stem cells play a central role in the pathophysiology of IBS and that the other factors known to contribute to the pathophysiology of IBS such as genetics,diet gut microbiota,stress,and lowgrade inflammation exert their effects through affecting the intestinal stem cells.It reports further the data that support this assumption on genetics,diet,gut microbiota,stress with depletion of glutamine,and inflammation.

摘要： Periodontal diseases are infectious diseases that are characterized by progressive damage to dental support tissue.The major goal of periodontal therapy is to regenerate the periodontium destroyed by periodontal diseases.Human periodontal ligament(PDL)tissue possesses periodontal regenerative properties,and periodontal ligament stem cells(PDLSCs)with the capacity for osteogenic differentiation show strong potential in clinical application for periodontium repair and regeneration.Noncoding RNAs(ncRNAs),which include a substantial portion of poly-A tail mature RNAs,are considered“transcriptional noise.”Recent studies show that ncRNAs play a major role in PDLSC differentiation;therefore,exploring how ncRNAs participate in the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs may help to elucidate the underlying mechanism of the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs and further shed light on the potential of stem cell transplantation for periodontium regeneration.In this review paper,we discuss the history of PDLSC research and highlight the regulatory mechanism of ncRNAs in the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs.

摘要： BACKGROUND Peripheral nerve injury can occur as a result of trauma or disease and carries significant morbidity including sensory and motor loss.The body has limited ability for nerve regeneration and functional recovery.Left untreated,nerve lesions can cause lifelong disability.Traditional treatment options such as neurorrhaphy and neurolysis have high failure rates.Surgical reconstruction with autograft carries donor site morbidity and often provide suboptimal results.Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are known to have promising regenerative potential and have gained attention as a treatment option for nerve lesions.It is however,unclear whether it can be effectively used for nerve regeneration.AIM To evaluate the evidence for the use of human umbilical cord derived MSCs(UCMSCs)in peripheral nerve regeneration.METHODS We carried out a systematic literature review in accordance with the PRISMA protocol.A literature search was performed from conception to September 2019 using PubMed,EMBASE and Web of Science.The results of eligible studies were appraised.A risk of bias analysis was carried out using Cochrane’s RoB 2.0 tool.RESULTS Fourteen studies were included in this review.A total of 279 subjects,including both human and animal were treated with UCMSCs.Four studies obtained UCMSCs from a third-party source and the remainder were harvested by the investigators.Out of the 14 studies,thirteen conducted xenogenic transplantation into nerve injury models.All studies reported significant improvement in nerve regeneration in the UCMSC treated groups compared with the various different controls and untreated groups.CONCLUSION The evidence summarised in this PRISMA systematic review of in vivo studies supports the notion that human UCMSC transplantation is an effective treatment option for peripheral nerve injury.

摘要： BACKGROUND Premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)and premature ovarian failure(POF)have become one of the major problems threatening women of childbearing age.Studies have shown that stem cells transplanted from bone marrow,umbilical cord,peripheral blood and amniotic fluid can migrate and proliferate to the ovary,promote ovarian function repair,increase the number of follicles and granulosa cells at all levels of ovary,improve endocrine function,and can differentiate into oocytes in specific ovarian environment to restore fertility to some extent.AIM To study the ability of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(hUCMSCs)to repair ovarian injury after chemotherapy.METHODS A total of 110 female BALB/c mice(aged 7-8 wk old)with body masses of 16.0-20.0 g were selected.The mice were fed until 12 wk of age,and cyclophosphamide was administered by intraperitoneal injection for 14 consecutive days to induce premature ovarian failure in mice.Seventy-five mice with estrous cycle disorder were screened and randomly divided into 3 groups according to their body weight:model group,positive control group and hUCMSC group,and each group had 25 mice.Another 25 mice were used as negative controls.The mice in the hUCMSC group were injected with hUCMSCs in the tail vein,and the mice in the positive control group were given an oestradiol valerate solution and a medroxyprogesterone acetate solution in the tail vein.On the 1^st,15^th,30^th,45^th,and 60^th days after intravenous administration,vaginal smears were made to monitor the estrous cycles of the mice.The ovaries were weighed,and pathological sections were made to observe the morphology of the follicles;blood samples were collected to monitor the concentration of sex hormones(oestradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone).RESULTS The estrous cycles of the model group mice were disrupted throughout the experiment.Mice in the hUCMSC group and the positive control group resumed normal estrous cycles.The ovarian weight of the model group mice continued to decline.The ovarian weight of the hUCMSC group mice and the positive control group mice decreased first and then gradually increased,and the ovarian weight of the hUCMSC group mice was heavier than that of the positive control group mice.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Compared with the negative control group,the model group experienced a decrease in oestradiol and an increase in follicle-stimulating hormone,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the hUCMSC and positive control groups experienced a slight increase in oestradiol and a decrease in follicle-stimulating hormone;the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The pathological examination revealed that the mouse ovaries from the model group were atrophied,the volume was reduced,the cortical and medullary structures were disordered,the number of follicles at all stages was significantly reduced,the number of atretic follicles increased,the number of primordial follicles and corpus luteum significantly decreased,and the corpus luteum had an irregular shape.Compared with those of the model group,the lesions of the hUCMSC and positive control groups significantly improved.CONCLUSION hUCMSCs can repair ovarian tissue damaged by chemotherapy to a certain extent,can improve the degree of apoptosis in ovarian tissue,and can improve the endocrine function of mouse ovaries.

摘要： Metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),formerly named non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common liver disorder in many countries.The inflammatory subtype termed steatohepatitis is a driver of disease progression to cirrhosis,hepatocellular carcinoma,liver transplantation,and death,but also to extrahepatic complications including cardiovascular disease,diabetes and chronic kidney disease.The plasticity of macrophages in response to various environmental cues and the fact that they can orchestrate cross talk between different cellular players during disease development and progression render them an ideal target for drug development.This report reviews recent advances in our understanding of macrophage biology during the entire spectrum of MAFLD including steatosis,inflammation,fibrosis,and hepatocellular carcinoma,as well as for the extra-hepatic manifestations of MAFLD.We discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms of macrophage activation and polarization as well as cross talk with other cell types such as hepatocytes,hepatic stellate cells,and adipose tissue.We conclude with a discussion on the potential translational implications and challenges for macrophage based therapeutics for MAFLD.

摘要： Autophagy has been shown to have a protective effect against brain damage.Ligustilide(LIG)is a bioactive substance isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong,a traditional Chinese medicine.LIG has a neuroprotective effect;however,it is unclear whether this neuroprotective effect involves autophagy.In this study,PC12 cells were treated with 1×10^-5–1×10^-9 M LIG for 0,3,12 or 24 hours,and cell proliferation was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium(MTS)assay.Treatment with 1×10^-6 M LIG for 3 hours had the greatest effect on cell proliferation,and was therefore used for subsequent experiments.PC12 cells were pre-treated with 1×10^-6 M LIG for 3 hours,cultured in 95%N2/5%CO2 in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium without glucose or serum for 4 hours,and then cultured normally for 16 hours,to simulate oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R).Cell proliferation was assessed with the MTS assay.Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry.The expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins,Bcl-2 and Bax,autophagy-related proteins,Beclin 1 and microtubule-associated protein l light chain 3B(LC3-II),and liver kinase B1(LKB1)-5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)-mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling pathway-related proteins were assessed by western blot assay.Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect LC3-II expression.Autophagosome formation was observed by electron microscopy.LIG significantly decreased apoptosis,increased Bcl-2,Beclin 1 and LC3-II expression,decreased Bax expression,increased LC3-II immunoreactivity and the number of autophagosomes,and activated the LKB1-AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway in PC12 cells exposed to OGD/R.The addition of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine or dorsomorphin before OGD/R attenuated the activation of the LKB1-AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway in cells treated with LIG.Taken together,our findings show that LIG promotes autophagy and protects PC12 cells from apoptosis induced by OGD/R via the LKB1-AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway.

摘要： 本发明公开了一种基于LC谐振电路改进的Cell‑to‑Cell电池均衡电路及实现方法，该均衡电路包括串联电池组、两组开关选择模块、n个LC谐振模块、开关驱动电路、微控制器。本发明利用LC谐振模块不仅实现了能量在相邻电池之间的传输，而且实现了串联电池组的首末电池单体之间的能量传输，从而实现了对串联电池组的均衡，提升了电池组的可用容量。本发明具有以下的优点：利用LC谐振模块实现了零电流开关，有效地降低了开关损耗；有效提高了开关频率，均衡速度快，减小了电路体积；控制方式简单，只需要两组互补、固定频率、固定占空比的PWM脉冲信号即可对两组开关模块实现控制。

摘要： 本发明涉及GOLM1在制备负性调控cell‑in‑cell结构的形成的药物中的应用，属于肝癌诊断和治疗药物技术领域。本发明研究得到GOLM1对异质性cell‑in‑cell(CIC)结构的形成具有负性调控作用，降低肝癌患者血清中GOLM1的水平可以促进CIC结构的形成，该结构形成在肿瘤患者中可以促进机体免疫杀伤作用效力增强，从而杀伤肿瘤细胞，使肿瘤患者获益，本发明提供的应用能够实现肝癌诊断和靶向药物治疗的制备。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种基于三谐振状态LC变换的Adjacent Cell‑to‑Cell均衡电路及控制方法，均衡电路主要包括微控制器、N节电池单体和N‑1个三谐振状态LC变换模块，每相邻的两节电池单体共用一个三谐振状态LC变换模块；微控制器发送三路相位互差120度、占空比为33.3％的PWM信号控制三谐振状态LC谐振变换交替工作在充电、放电和释放状态。本发明由于释放状态的引入，将电容C进一步放电并反向充电，一方面增大了均衡电流；另一方面也获得了能量在小电压差甚至零电压差电池单体间的流动，为实现电池单体间的零电压差均衡提供了条件。

摘要： 本发明涉及GOLM1在制备负性调控cell‑in‑cell结构的形成的药物中的应用，属于肝癌诊断和治疗药物技术领域。本发明研究得到GOLM1对异质性cell‑in‑cell(CIC)结构的形成具有负性调控作用，降低肝癌患者血清中GOLM1的水平可以促进CIC结构的形成，该结构形成在肿瘤患者中可以促进机体免疫杀伤作用效力增强，从而杀伤肿瘤细胞，使肿瘤患者获益，本发明提供的应用能够实现肝癌诊断和靶向药物治疗的制备。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种基于LC谐振电路改进的Cell‑to‑Cell电池均衡电路及实现方法，该均衡电路包括串联电池组、两组开关选择模块、n个LC谐振模块、开关驱动电路、微控制器。本发明利用LC谐振模块不仅实现了能量在相邻电池之间的传输，而且实现了串联电池组的首末电池单体之间的能量传输，从而实现了对串联电池组的均衡，提升了电池组的可用容量。本发明具有以下的优点：利用LC谐振模块实现了零电流开关，有效地降低了开关损耗；有效提高了开关频率，均衡速度快，减小了电路体积；控制方式简单，只需要两组互补、固定频率、固定占空比的PWM脉冲信号即可对两组开关模块实现控制。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种基于单电感的新型锂离子电池Cell‑to‑Cell模块化均衡电路及控制方法，该均衡电路包括1个储能电感、1个串联电池组、1个开关网络、1个续流单元SX、1个电压采样电路、1个控制器、1个开关驱动电路。根据均衡电路的结构，将开关与电池组成均衡模块，将多个均衡模块的端口相接组成大电池组的均衡电路。该电路具有结构简单、开关器件少、易于模块化的优点，可以实现锂离子电池组Cell‑to‑Cell均衡，减少能量损失，改善锂离子电池组不一致性，有效提高电池组可用容量。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种cell‑in‑cell结构的动物模型及其制备方法。本发明保护有丝分裂抑制剂在制备试剂盒中的应用；所述试剂盒的功能为制备具有CIC结构的动物模型。本发明还保护有丝分裂抑制剂在制备具有CIC结构的动物模型中的应用。本发明还保护一种制备动物模型的方法，包括如下步骤：给予动物有丝分裂抑制剂，获得具有CIC结构的动物模型。本发明还保护以上任一所述方法制备的动物模型的应用：进行CIC结构的研究；筛选具有治疗肿瘤功能的物质；对待测物进行毒理学分析以评价待测物的生物安全性。本发明是首例报道在动物体内成功诱导CIC结构的制备方法，为进一步探究CIC的生理学和病理学意义提供有利的实验基础。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种基于LC双极性谐振的Cells‑to‑Cells均衡电路及其控制方法，均衡过程中，微控制器输出四路频率等于LC谐振频率一半、相位互差90度、占空比为25％的矩形波驱动信号使均衡源单元和均衡目标单元通过开关网络双极性、循环地连接至LC谐振支路，使LC谐振支路循环地工作在正极性充电、正极性放电、反极性充电和反极性放电状态，实现能量从源单元传输至均衡目标单元的零电流开关均衡。本发明实现了均衡过程中谐振电容C残余电压的等效释放，且均衡源单元和均衡目标单元均可为任意节相邻的电池单体(Cells)，具有功率密度高、均衡效率高、控制灵活、易于模块化制造的优点。

摘要： 本实用新型公开了一种基于单电感的新型锂离子电池Cell‑to‑Cell模块化均衡电路，该均衡电路包括1个储能电感、1个串联电池组、1个开关网络、1个续流单元SX、1个电压采样电路、1个控制器、1个开关驱动电路。根据均衡电路的结构，将开关与电池组成均衡模块，将多个均衡模块的端口相接组成大电池组的均衡电路。该电路具有结构简单、开关器件少、易于模块化的优点，可以实现锂离子电池组Cell‑to‑Cell均衡，减少能量损失，改善锂离子电池组不一致性，有效提高电池组可用容量。

摘要： 本实用新型公开了一种基于LC双极性谐振的Cells‑to‑Cells均衡电路，均衡过程中，微控制器输出四路频率等于LC谐振频率一半、相位互差90度、占空比为25％的矩形波驱动信号使均衡源单元和均衡目标单元通过开关网络双极性、循环地连接至LC谐振支路，使LC谐振支路循环地工作在正极性充电、正极性放电、反极性充电和反极性放电状态，实现能量从源单元传输至均衡目标单元的零电流开关均衡。本实用新型实现了均衡过程中谐振电容C残余电压的等效释放，且均衡源单元和均衡目标单元均可为任意节相邻的电池单体(Cells)，具有功率密度高、均衡效率高、控制灵活、易于模块化制造的优点。