liver

摘要： 支气管冲洗(bronchial wash,BW)支气管肺泡灌洗(bronchoalveolar lavage,BAL)人间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cell,MSC)细胞外囊泡(extracellular vesicles,EVs)儿童肝移植(pediatric liver transplantation,PLT)活体供肝移植(living donor liver transplantation LDLT)遗传代谢病(inherited metabolic diseases,IMDs)微创肝切除术(minimally invasive liver resection,MILR).

摘要： BACKGROUND Bisphenol A(BPA)is present in many plastic products and food packaging.On the other hand,fertaric acid(FA)is a hydroxycinnamic acid.AIM To investigate the effect of FA on BPA-related liver,kidney,and testis toxicity,DNA breakdown,and histopathology in male rats.METHODS Thirty male albino rats were divided into five equal groups(6 rats/group):Control,paraffin oil,FA-,BPA-,and FA+BPA-treated groups.The control and paraffin oil groups were administered orally with 1 mL distilled water and 1 mL paraffin oil,respectively.The FA-,BPA-,and FA+BPA-treated groups were administered orally with FA(45 mg/kg,bw)dissolved in 1 mL distilled water,BPA(4 mg/kg,bw)dissolved in 1 mL paraffin oil,and FA(45 mg/kg,bw)followed by BPA(4 mg/kg,bw),respectively.All these treatments were given once a day for 6 wk.RESULTS BPA induced a significant decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase,acid phosphatase,sodium,potassium and chloride,testosterone,dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate,glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase,3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase,and testis protein levels but a highly significant increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,γ-glutamyl transpeptidase,lactate dehydrogenase,bilirubin,urea,creatinine,uric acid,luteinizing hormone,follicle stimulating hormone,sex hormone binding globulin,blood urea nitrogen,and testis cholesterol levels.Also,FA inhibited the degradation of liver,kidney,and testis DNA content.Oral administration of FA to BPA-treated rats restored all the above parameters to normal levels.CONCLUSION FA ameliorates BPA-induced liver,kidney,and testis toxicity,DNA breakdown,and histopathological changes.

摘要： In recent years,marine-derived bioactive compounds have gained increasing attention because of their higher biodiversity vs land-derived compounds.A number of marine-derived compounds are proven to improve lipid metabolism,modulate the gut microbiota,and possess anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,antibacterial,antiviral,and antitumor activities.With the increasing understanding of the molecular landscape underlying the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases,interest has spiked in developing new therapeutic drugs and medicine food homology from marine sources for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases.

摘要： Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic liver disease harboring an autoimmune basis and progressive character.Despite still obscurity in etiology and pathogenesis,some evidence supports the importance of sustaining the immune system.Vitamin D is a lipo-soluble vitamin,which has been identified as decreased in our body.It is often due to the daily habit change and decrease of individual sun exposure due to the increase of the ultraviolet-induced potential melanocytic transformation.Here,we emphasize the importance of vitamin D supplementation in patients affected with liver disease.

摘要： BACKGROUND Critical care is rapidly evolving with significant innovations to decrease hospital stays and costs.To our knowledge,there is limited data on factors that affect the length of stay and hospital charges in cirrhotic patients who present with STelevation myocardial infarction-related cardiogenic shock(SRCS).AIM To identify the factors that increase inpatient mortality,length of stay,and total hospital charges in patients with liver cirrhosis(LC)compared to those without LC.METHODS This study includes all adults over 18 from the National Inpatient Sample 2017 database.The study consists of two groups of patients,including SRCS with LC and without LC.Inpatient mortality,length of stay,and total hospital charges are the primary outcomes between the two groups.We used STATA 16 to perform statistical analysis.The Pearson's chi-square test compares the categorical variables.Propensity-matched scoring with univariate and multivariate logistic regression generated the odds ratios for inpatient mortality,length of stay,and resource utilization.RESULTS This study includes a total of 35798453 weighted hospitalized patients from the 2017 National Inpatient Sample.The two groups are SRCS without LC(n=758809)and SRCS with LC(n=11920).The majority of patients were Caucasian in both groups(67%vs 72%).The mean number of patients insured with Medicare was lower in the LC group(60%vs 56%)compared to the other group,and those who had at least three or more comorbidities(53%vs 90%)were significantly higher in the LC group compared to the non-LC group.Inpatient mortality was also considerably higher in the LC group(28.7%vs 10.63%).Length of Stay(LOS)is longer in the LC group compared to the non-LC group(9 vs 5.6).Similarly,total hospital charges are higher in patients with LC($147407.80 vs$113069.10,P≤0.05).Inpatient mortality is lower in the early percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)group(OR:0.79<0.11),however,it is not statistically significant.Both early Impella(OR:1.73<0.05)and early extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)(OR:3.10 P<0.05)in the LC group were associated with increased mortality.Early PCI(-2.57 P<0.05)and Impella(-3.25 P<0.05)were also both associated with shorter LOS compared to those who did not.Early ECMO does not impact the LOS;however,it does increase total hospital charge(addition of$24717.85,P<0.05).CONCLUSION LC is associated with a significantly increased inpatient mortality,length of stay,and total hospital charges in patients who develop SRCS.Rural and Non-teaching hospitals have significantly increased odds of extended hospital stays and higher adjusted total hospital charges.The Association of LC with worse outcomes outlines the essential need to monitor these patients closely and treat them early on with higher acuity care.Patients with early PCI had both shorter LOS and reduced inpatient mortality,while early Impella was associated with increased mortality and shorter LOS.Early ECMO is associated with increased mortality and higher total hospital charges.This finding should affect the decision to follow through with interventional management in this cohort of patients as it is associated with poor outcomes and immense resource utilization.

摘要： BACKGROUND Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor(PEComa)is a mesenchymal tumor with histologic and immunophenotypic characteristics of perivascular epithelioid cells,has a low incidence,and can involve multiple organs.PEComa originating in the liver is extremely rare,with most cases being benign,and only a few cases are malignant.Good outcomes are achieved with radical surgical resection,but there is no effective treatment for some large tumors and specific locations that are contraindicated for surgery.CASE SUMMARY A 32-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with a palpable abdominal mass and progressive deterioration since the previous month.An ultrasoundguided percutaneous liver aspiration biopsy was performed.Postoperative pathological immunohistochemical staining was HMB45,Melan-A,and smooth muscle actin positive.Perivascular epithelioid tumor was diagnosed.The tumor was large and could not be completely resected by surgery.Further digital subtraction angiography revealed a rich tumor blood supply,and interventional embolization followed by surgery was recommended.Finally,the patient underwent transarterial embolization(TAE)combined with sorafenib for four cycles.Angiography reexamination indicated no clear vascular staining of the tumor,and the tumor had shrunk.The patient was followed up for a short period of time,achieved a stable condition,and surgery was recommended.CONCLUSION Adjuvant combination treatment with TAE and sorafenib is safe and feasible as it shrinks the tumor preoperatively and facilitates surgery.

摘要： People exposed to liver ischaemia reperfusion(IR)injury often develop acute kidney injury and the combination is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.Molecular mediators released by the liver in response to IR injury are the likely cause of acute kidney injury(AKI)in this setting,but the mediators have not yet been identified.Identifying the mechanism of injury will allow the identification of therapeutic targets which may modulate both liver IR injury and AKI following liver IR injury.

摘要： 随着现代人生活方式、饮食习惯的改变,代谢相关脂肪性肝疾病(metabolic associated fatty liver disease,MAFLD)的发病率日益升高^([1]),按照疾病进程可将MAFLD分为代谢相关性脂肪肝(metabolic associated fatty liver disease,MAFLD)和代谢相关性脂肪性肝炎(metaholic associated fatty liver disease,MASH),前者通常是良性病变,但后者可能进展为肝纤维化、肝硬化、肝哀竭甚至肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC),严重危害身体健康。

摘要： As a result of the obesity epidemic,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)represents a global medical concern in childhood with a closely related increased cardiometabolic risk.Knowledge on NAFLD pathophysiology has been largely expanded over the last decades.Besides the well-known key NAFLD genes(including the I148M variant of the PNPLA3 gene,the E167K allele of the TM6SF2,the GCKR gene,the MBOAT7-TMC4 rs641738 variant,and the rs72613567:TA variant in the HSD17B13 gene),an intriguing pathogenic role has also been demonstrated for the gut microbiota.More interestingly,evidence has added new factors involved in the“multiple hits”theory.In particular,omics determinants have been highlighted as potential innovative markers for NAFLD diagnosis and treatment.In fact,different branches of omics including metabolomics,lipidomics(in particular sphingolipids and ceramides),transcriptomics(including micro RNAs),epigenomics(such as DNA methylation),proteomics,and glycomics represent the most attractive pathogenic elements in NAFLD development,by providing insightful perspectives in this field.In this perspective,we aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of NAFLD pathophysiology in children,from the oldest pathogenic elements(including genetics)to the newest intriguing perspectives(such as omics branches).

摘要： BACKGROUND The role of the hepatic nervous system in liver development remains unclear.We previously created functional human micro-hepatic tissue in mice by co-culturing human hepatic endodermal cells with endothelial and mesenchymal cells.However,they lacked Glisson’s sheath[the portal tract(PT)].The PT consists of branches of the hepatic artery(HA),portal vein,and intrahepatic bile duct(IHBD),collectively called the portal triad,together with autonomic nerves.AIM To evaluate the development of the mouse hepatic nervous network in the PT using immunohistochemistry.METHODS Liver samples from C57BL/6J mice were harvested at different developmental time periods,from embryonic day(E)10.5 to postnatal day(P)56.Thin sections of the surface cut through the hepatic hilus were examined using protein gene product 9.5(PGP9.5)and cytokeratin 19(CK19)antibodies,markers of nerve fibers(NFs),and biliary epithelial cells(BECs),respectively.The numbers of NFs and IHBDs were separately counted in a PT around the hepatic hilus(center)and the peripheral area(periphery)of the liver,comparing the average values between the center and the periphery at each developmental stage.NF-IHBD and NF-HA contacts in a PT were counted,and their relationship was quantified.SRYrelated high mobility group-box gene 9(SOX9),another BEC marker;hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α(HNF4α),a marker of hepatocytes;and Jagged-1,a Notch ligand,were also immunostained to observe the PT development.RESULTS HNF4αwas expressed in the nucleus,and Jagged-1 was diffusely positive in the primitive liver at E10.5;however,the PGP9.5 and CK19 were negative in the fetal liver.SOX9-positive cells were scattered in the periportal area in the liver at E12.5.The Jagged-1 was mainly expressed in the periportal tissue,and the number of SOX9-positive cells increased at E16.5.SOX9-positive cells constructed the ductal plate and primitive IHBDs mainly at the center,and SOX-9-positive IHBDs partly acquired CK19 positivity at the same period.PGP9.5-positive bodies were first found at E16.5 and HAs were first found at P0 in the periportal tissue of the center.Therefore,primitive PT structures were first constructed at P0 in the center.Along with remodeling of the periportal tissue,the number of CK19-positive IHBDs and PGP9.5-positive NFs gradually increased,and PTs were also formed in the periphery until P5.The numbers of NFs and IHBDs were significantly higher in the center than in the periphery from E16.5 to P5.The numbers of NFs and IHBDs reached the adult level at P28,with decreased differences between the center and periphery.NFs associated more frequently with HAs than IHBDs in PTs at the early phase after birth,after which the number of NF-IHBD contacts gradually increased.CONCLUSION Mouse hepatic NFs first emerge at the center just before birth and extend toward the periphery.The interaction between NFs and IHBDs or HAs plays important roles in the morphogenesis of PT structure.

摘要： Purpose: The principal focus of the study was exploring the hyperacute responses with respect to normal liver andthe change of assessment indexes for different observation times and radiation doses after total body X-irradiation exposures usingTibet mini-pig model.Methods and Materials: A total of 48 adult male Tibet mini-pigs were divided into six groups randomly.Five treatment groups (n=9) were irradiated with single dose of 2, 5, 8, 11 and 14-Gy total body irradiation respectively using a 8MvX-ray(isocenter) linear accelerator,and a dose rate of 255 cGy/min for each group.These pigs were tested by2-[18F]Fluoro-2}eoxy-D -glucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography and hepatic zymological test, andthen sacrificed by taking in carbon dioxide for pathologic test at 6, 24 and 72 hours (each time n=3) after irradiation respectively.Results: Radiation doses had highly significant effects on ail detecting indexes except CT values. Overall, the most obvious tendencyappeared at 24 hours after TBI and the most obvious change happened at 5 or 8 Gy. Hepatic standard uptake values (SUV) showedthe same tendency at relatively low doses (0-5 Gy) and the opposite tendency at relatively high doses (8-14 Gy)with pathology scoreand hepatocyte counting respectively；it showed the similar tendency with binucleated hepatocytes counting at 24 hours after TBI.Conclusion: (1) Normal liver was more sensitive than previous viewpoints and the hyperacute response of liver showed someregularity to radiation exposure. (2)5 Gy is a key dose. (3)[18F]-FDG-PET/CT had the potential to assess roughly the absorbedradiation dose, the conditions of metabolism aad severity of liver injury after radiation exposure as a sensitive and noninvasivemethod.

摘要： 本发明对肝肿瘤细胞系Chang Liver细胞系进行了肝细胞功能研究，并将其应用于肝细胞移植。研究发现Chang Liver细胞具有良好的肝细胞功能，能够表达多种肝细胞特异性因子，包括白蛋白、胆红素葡糖醛酸基转移酶、转氨酶等。大鼠90%肝切除诱导的急性肝衰竭模型实验表明，Chang Liver细胞能有效延长急性肝衰竭大鼠的存活时间，可成为生物人工肝较好的细胞来源，用于治疗急性肝功能衰竭。