rock

摘要： The characterization of micro-surface mechanical and electrical properties of the natural rock materials remains inadequate,and their macroscopic performance can be better comprehended by investigating the surface properties.With this purpose,the present research focuses on characterizing the microsurface morphology,Derjaguin-Muller-Toporov(DMT)modulus,adhesion,and potential of granite,shale,and limestone by employing the atomic force microscope(AFM)as a pioneer attempt.The results show that the micro-surface morphology of the rock fluctuates within hundreds of nanometers,among which the granite micro-surface is comparatively the smoothest,followed by limestone.The morphology of the shale is the roughest,indicating that the regional difference of shale micro-surface is dominant.The distribution of the adhesion on rock micro-surface is uneven;the average adhesion of eight measuring areas for shale is 23.93 n N,accounting for three times of granite and limestone,while the surface DMT modulus of shale is relatively lower than granite and limestone.It is inferred from the obtained results that higher surface adhesion is helpful to the gas adsorption of shale,and the lower surface DMT(elastic)modulus is useful to the formation of fractures and pores.Thus,these two are the micromechanical basis of shale gas adsorption.Additionally,introducing a method to reduce the surface adhesion will benefit the exploration of unconventional resources such as shale gas.The micro-surface of the three types of rocks all shows electricity,with average potential ranging from tens of millivolts to hundreds of millivolts.Besides,the micro-surface potential of the rocks are heterogeneous,and both positive and negative points can be found.The existence and uneven distribution of micro-surface potential provide a robust physical basis for the electromagnetic radiation generated by rock fracture under loading.This study offers a new method for revealing the adsorption characteristics of unconventional gas reservoir rocks and the electromagnetic radiation mechanism of the rock fracture.

摘要： 目的研究四磨汤与功能性消化不良模型大鼠胃RhoA及ROCK的关系,探讨其治疗机制。方法通过碘乙酰胺灌胃、孤养及平台站立剥夺睡眠制备功能性消化不良大鼠模型。观察大鼠的一般状态,通过旷场试验和糖水试验鉴定大鼠模型。采用胃平滑肌肌条收缩实验检测抑制剂 Y27632和四磨汤对胃平滑肌肌条作用。采用荧光定量PCR法检测大鼠胃组织RhoA及ROCK表达情况。结果构建完成功能性消化不良大鼠模型;抑制剂 Y27632干预了四磨汤对胃平滑肌肌条的增强作用;荧光定量PCR结果显示模型组RhoA及ROCK基因mRNA的表达较正常组表达降低且有统计学意义(P<0.05;P<0.01);四磨汤干预后,四磨汤组RhoA及ROCK基因mRNA的表达较模型组表达升高且有统计学意义(P<0.01;P<0.05)。结论成功构建功能性消化不良大鼠模型。RhoA及ROCK的表达可能与四磨汤对功能性消化不良作用有相关性。

摘要： 动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)是一种以动脉内膜斑块为特征的血管类疾病。据统计,AS是导致我国严重心血管疾病的常见病理因素之一[1]。对于AS的发病机制,动脉内膜内皮细胞损伤是导致AS的始动环节,因此对与内皮细胞相关物质参与AS机制的研究较多。而研究发现AS与血管平滑肌细胞(vascular smooth muscle cells,VSMCs)表型变化亦存在密切关系[2]。

摘要： In this paper,the cyclic constitutive equations were proposed to describe the constitutive behavior of cyclic loading and unloading.Firstly,a coupled damage variable was derived,which contains two parts,i.e.,the compaction-induced damage and the cracking-induced damage.The compaction-induced damage variable was derived from a nonlinear stress–strain relation of the initial compaction stage,and the cracking-induced damage variable was established based on the statistical damage theory.Secondly,based on the total damage variable,a damage constitutive equation was proposed to describe the constitutive relation of rock under the monotonic uniaxial compression conditions,whereafter,the application of this model is extended to cyclic loading and unloading conditions.To validate the proposed monotonic and cyclic constitutive equations,a series of mechanical tests for marble specimens were carried out,which contained the monotonic uniaxial compression(MUC)experiment,cyclic uniaxial compression experiments under the variable amplitude(CUC-VA)and constant amplitude(CUC-CA)conditions.The results show that the proposed total damage variable comprehensively reflects the damage evolution characteristic,i.e.,the damage variable firstly decreases,then increases no matter under the conditions of MUC,CUC-VA or CUC-CA.Then a reasonable consistency is observed between the experimental and theoretical curves.The proposed cyclic constitutive equations can simulate the whole cyclic loading and unloading behaviors,such as the initial compaction,the strain hardening and the strain softening.Furthermore,the shapes of the theoretical curves are controlled by the modified coefficient,compaction sensitivity coefficient and two Weibull distributed parameters.

摘要： This paper develops a model that only requires two sets of small-size rock specimens with the ratio of the structural geometry parameter maximum to minimum ae,max:ae,min≥3:1 to determine the rock fracture and strength parameters without size effect and predict the actual structural performance of rock.Regardless of three-point-bending,four-point-bending,or a combination of the above two specimen types,fracture toughness KICand tensile strength ftof rock were determined using only two sets of specimens with ae,max:ae,min≥3:1.The values KICand ftwere consistent with those determined using multiple sets of specimens.The full structural failure curve constructed by two sets of small-size specimens with ae,max:ae,min≥3:1 can accurately predict large-size specimens fracture failure,and±10%upper and lower limits of the curve can encompass the test results of large-size specimens.The peak load prediction curve was constructed by two sets of specimens with ae,max:ae,min≥3:1,and±15%upper and lower limits of the peak load prediction curve can cover the small-size specimen tests data.The model and method proposed in this paper require only two sets of small-size specimens,and their selection is unaffected by the specimen type,geometry,and initial crack length.

摘要： 1.Historical context Flow in porous media is encountered in a wide variety of natural and engineered settings,including gas exchange in lungs and blood vessels,water extraction from underground aquifers,hydrocarbon production,and microfluidics in drug delivery and food manufacturing.Underground rock is a porous medium that holds water and hydrocarbons,and is a potential storage site for carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and hydrogen.Many manufactured devices also contain porous media to allow the transport of gases and water,including fuel cells,electrolyzers,and electrocatalysts for CO_(2) reduction.Their performance is limited by how rapidly two fluid phases can flow through a porous layer.

摘要： This paper attempts to study dolomite failure using small-scale blast tests.The experimental setup consisted of a cylindrical specimen with a central borehole fitted with a detonation cord inside a copper pipe.The specimen was confined using lead material.During the test,acceleration histories were recorded using sensors placed on the lead confinement.The results showed that heterogeneity and initial cracks significantly influenced the observed failure and cracking patterns.The tests were numerically represented using the previously validated Johnson-HolmquistⅡ(JH-2)constitutive model.The properties of the detonation cord were first determined and verified in a special test with a lead specimen to compare the deformation in the test with that of numerical simulation.Then,the small-scale blast test was simulated,and the failure of the dolomite was compared with the test observations.Comparisons of acceleration histories,scabbing failure,and number of radial cracks and crack density confirmed the overall repeatability of the actual testing data.It is likely that the proposed model can be further used for numerical studies of blasting of dolomite rock.

摘要： 2020年全球最好雷司令TOP 10Top 10 Best Riesling Wines酒款名称国际税前均价(元/瓶)1.伊慕酒庄沙兹堡雷司令枯萄逐粒精选甜白Egon Muller Scharzhofberger Riesling Trockenbeerenauslese 1005882.罗伯特威尔酒庄格拉芬贝格园枯萄逐粒精选甜白Weingut Robert Weil Kiedricher Grafenberg Trockenbeerenauslese 5393。

摘要： Danelle Ballengee,35,was a world-class endurance(耐力)athlete who had run in over 500 lang-distance competitions through deserts and mountains around the world.Up ahead,Taz,her 3-year-old dog,disappeared,but Danelle did not worry as she scrambled alang a remote rocky trail to the top of a ridge of deep-coloured red rock.Near the summit,her foot hit a patch of ice.She fell over a steep cliff and hit onto a narrow rock ledge She could wiggle her toes but when she tried to stand,pain shot through her.The lower half of her body was a useless,dead mass.

摘要： Among kids,you’ll struggle to find one willing and able to ascend Lost Arrow Spire,the vaunted granite thumb poking 2,700 feet to the sky from Yosemite Valley’s floor.[But 6-year-old]Sam[Baker]finished the route after spending one cold night high against the sheer rock with his dad in a portaledge.It’s not often you hear of someone this young tackling one of the most iconic rocks in America’s most iconic climbing center.

摘要： 本发明提供式(I)化合物，或其立体异构体、互变异构体或药学上可接受的盐，其中所有变量如本文中所定义。这些化合物为选择性ROCK抑制剂。本发明也涉及包含这些化合物的药物组合物及使用其治疗心血管、平滑肌、肿瘤学、神经病理学、自身免疫、纤维变性和/或炎性病症的方法。

摘要： 本发明提供式(I)化合物：或其立体异构体、互变异构体或药学上可接受的盐，其中所有变量如本文中所定义。这些化合物为选择性ROCK抑制剂。本发明也涉及包含这些化合物的药物组合物及使用其治疗心血管、平滑肌、肿瘤学、神经病理学、自身免疫、纤维变性和/或炎性病症的方法。

摘要： 本发明提供式(I)化合物，或其立体异构体、互变异构体或药学上可接受的盐，其中所有变量如本文中所定义。这些化合物为选择性ROCK抑制剂。本发明也涉及包含这些化合物的药物组合物及使用其治疗心血管、平滑肌、肿瘤学、神经病理学、自身免疫、纤维变性和/或炎性病症的方法。

摘要： 本发明提供式(I)化合物：或其立体异构体、互变异构体或药学上可接受的盐，其中所有变量如本文中所定义。这些化合物为选择性ROCK抑制剂。本发明也涉及包含这些化合物的药物组合物及使用其治疗心血管、平滑肌、肿瘤学、神经病理学、自身免疫、纤维变性和/或炎性病症的方法。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种通式(I)所示的ROCK2激酶抑制剂及其在制备预防和/或治疗与ROCK2相关障碍的疾病的药物中的用途。本发明的化合物是理想的高效选择性ROCK2激酶抑制剂，可用于治疗和/或预防肺纤维化、肝纤维化、肾纤维化、心脏纤维化或非酒精性脂肪性肝炎等疾病。

摘要： 本发明提供了具有式(I)的化合物：及其药学上可接受的盐，其中Cy1、Cy2、Cy3、R、R1、R2和R3如本文一般地以及在类别和子类中所描述，并且另外提供了其药物组合物以及使用其来治疗其中抑制ROCK1、ROCK2或ROCK1/2具有在治疗上有用的作用的许多疾患或疾病中的任一者的方法。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种通式(I‑1)所示的ROCK2激酶抑制剂及其在制备预防和/或治疗与ROCK2相关障碍的疾病的药物中的用途。本发明的化合物是理想的高效选择性ROCK2激酶抑制剂，可用于治疗和/或预防肺纤维化、肝纤维化、肾纤维化、心脏纤维化或非酒精性脂肪性肝炎等疾病。

摘要： 本发明涉及药物技术领域，具体涉及式(I)所示的ROCK抑制剂及其制备方法和用途。本发明提供的化合物具有优异的ROCK抑制活性。尤其表现为对ROCK2激酶有较好的选择性抑制，此外，本发明化合物具有较好的安全性和代谢稳定性，生物利用度高。最后本发明的化合物制备方法简单、易于提纯，因此具有良好的应用前景。

摘要： 本发明涉及两种新的细胞分裂素受体蛋白AHK2和AHK3的功能获得性变体，即rock2和rock3，涉及包括所述新的功能获得性细胞分裂素受体变体的至少之一的转基因生物，并且涉及一种用于制造包括这些新的功能获得性变体的至少之一的转基因植物的方法。

摘要： 本发明涉及两种新的细胞分裂素受体蛋白AHK2和AHK3的功能获得性变体，即rock2和rock3，涉及包括所述新的功能获得性细胞分裂素受体变体的至少之一的转基因生物，并且涉及一种用于制造包括这些新的功能获得性变体的至少之一的转基因植物的方法。