Improvement of the Methods of Extraction of Plant Raw Materials

摘要

The global market of plant extracts is rapidly growing due to a high demand and unmet need of consumers [1]. The food industry has a perspective for the dynamic production of specialized food products, particularly for children and adolescents, based on plant extracts derived from raw materials grown in the northern regions. The main objectives are maximum extraction of biologically valuable substances contained in the cells of plants and development of technologies for the production of functional foods based on them. The paper presents an improved method of extraction of plant raw materials, combining enzymatic hydrolysis and electrodialysis, which allows to increase the yield of soluble solids from plant cells from 1.4 to 1.7, compared to the norms of pharmacopeia production; the yield of vitamin C in the finished extract is increased to 91.8 ± 0.5%. The requirements for grinding and delumping of plant raw materials up to a particle size of 0.5 ± 0.1 mm were determined. As extractants were used: water, 5% water-alcohol and water solution of enzymes "Pektoferm" with dilution 1:100. The water enzyme solution increases the efficiency of the maceration process by 32.0 ± 1.5%, the water-alcohol solution by 40.0 ± 1.5%. We determined the parameters of enzymatic hydrolysis by the agent "Pektoferm" and the method of electrodialysis for berries of red whortleberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea), guelder rose (Viburnum opulus), flowers and leaves of willow herb (Epilobium angustifolium). For example, for flowers and leaves of willow herb: duration - 30.0±1.0 minutes with constant stirring, temperature - 34.0±2.0°C, the yield of vitamin C - 91.8±0.5%, at pH 4.0±0.1. When using a 5% water-alcohol solution: duration - 22±0.5 minutes, temperature - 32±1.5%, the yield of vitamin C - 90.0±1.0%, at pH 4.5±0.1. The EMA-100 laboratory electrodialysis apparatus controlled the modes and parameters of the extraction process - the strength of the current, the voltage, the piston pressure, and the thickness of the raw material layer, with the aim of correcting them.