从伦理辩护到国家权力、个人权利界限的划定--公共卫生领域特殊伦理冲突的和解之道

摘要

In epidemic prevention work ,in order to protect public health we have no choice but to infringe the right of infectious disease patients ,this is a particular ethical conflict in public health which is different from clinical medicine . Although some scholars argue in favor of the priority of public health according to utilitarianism ,difference principle and the priority of public good ,all of these are not consistent with the individual perspective of medical ethics . In fact , upholding single theoretical perspective is the maximal obstacle on the road to reconciliation of ethical conflict ,only change the single perspective can we open the compatibility of theory .We have to transform ethical justification to practical wisdom ,that is to say ,country power and individual rights should stick to each boundary ,so as to achieve harmonious status between them .%在流行病防控等公共卫生工作中，为了维护公共健康不得不侵犯传染病患者的个人权利，这是公共卫生领域不同于临床医学的特殊伦理冲突。虽然有学者分别依据“效果论”、“差异原则”和“公共善优先”为公共健康的优先性进行了辩护，但都不能与医学伦理学的个体论视角相融洽。实际上，固守单一的理论视角是伦理冲突和解的最大障碍，只有改变单一视角，才能开启理论的兼容性。伦理辩护必须转化为实践智慧，即必须在公共卫生实践中实现国家权力与个人权利的有序协调，使国家权力和个人权利坚守各自的界限。