方苞的'义法'说对刘大櫆'神气'说的影响

摘要

方苞对刘大櫆的影响最大,无论是在仕途道路还是学术道路.其中方苞的"义法"说对刘大櫆的"神气、音节、字句"说影响最大,从某种程度上说刘大櫆的"神气"说就是在对方苞"义法"说中"法"的深度阐释,也是刘大櫆从形式上研究"行文"的理论机制的起点.%Among the scholars of the Chinese literary school of Tongcheng, Fang Bao ( 1668-1749), the founder of the school, had a great influence on Liu Dakui ( 1698-1780) in his both official and academic career.In Fang Bao's theory, Yi, means the-contents of an essay, while Fa means the forms and writing skill to express the contents. Based on this theory, Liu Dakui developed a theory about essay writing, in which he held that the stand-ard to judge an essay should include three aspects as "Shenqi", the spiritual style of an essay ; " Yinjie" , the rhyme; and "Ziju", the choice of words. In this paper, the author thinks that Liu Dakui's theory is a further devel-opment of "Yi-Fa" theory set up by Fang Bao, and "Fa" is the starting point for Liu Dakui to establish his liter-ary theory concerning with the forms of writing essays.