CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术在病原微生物中的应用

摘要

规律成簇间隔短回文重复序列(Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats,CRISPR)广泛存在于古细菌及细菌中是细菌在长期进化过程中形成的一种获得性免疫系统.近年来以该系统为基础,经过人工改造形成的一种新型基因编辑技术—CRISPR/Cas9在基因工程领域的应用越发广泛;该技术与前两代编辑技术相比,具有结构简单、成本低廉、实用价值较高等优点.自2012年在基因研究领域成功应用后,已成为当前关注度较高的基因编辑工具;该技术在多种真核生物的基因修饰中已得到成功应用,但在病原微生物上却报道较少.本文将从CRISPR/Cas9系统的结构、作用机制及其在病原微生物基因功能研究中的应用等几个方面进行综述为其深入研究奠定基础.%Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) is an acquired immune system existing in archaea and bacteria with the long-term process of evolutionary.CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system is a new type of gene editing technology developed based on the system.CRISPR/Cas9 is a more efficient method for gene targeting than the previous methods.It has been successfully applied for gene-modified of eukaryotes since 2012,but the reports about pathogenic microorgaisms are rarely.Here,the research progress in the structure,mechanism of CRISPR/Cas9 system and its applications on pathogenic microorgaisms is reviewed.