Leber先天性黑矇基因治疗的临床前基础研究现状

摘要

Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is extremely severe hereditary retinal dystrophy,because it leads to congenital bilateral blindness in early childhood.With the development of molecular genetics and the therapeutic gene replacement technology,gene therapy clinical trials have obtained exciting results on the basis of relatively satisfied with preliminary clinical experimental results by adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector-mediated gene therapy in the past decade.These researching methods include intravitreal injection and subretinal space injection of gene vector,and the investigating indexes include evaluations of visual function and safety,such as immune reaction of the animals,ocular histopathological change,complications and bio-distribution of gene sequence.The preliminary success of the LCAⅡ Ⅱ gene therapy will give some clues to the other inherited retinal diseases.This review focuses on the present status of pre-clinical animal experiments of its gene therapy.%Leber先天性黑矇(LCA)是严重的遗传性视神经及视网膜疾病,可导致儿童先天性双眼盲.近十余年来,随着分子遗传学研究的进展及基因治疗技术的不断改进,腺相关病毒(AAV)载体介导的LCAⅡ基因治疗的基础研究工作为临床前研究奠定了良好的基础,这些研究包括相关基因载体的玻璃体腔内注射和视网膜下腔注射,研究指标包括治疗后受试眼视功能的改变及治疗的安全性,后者包括受试动物的免疫反应、眼组织的组织病理学改变、眼部并发症及载体的生物学分布.基于这些临床前基础研究的结果,目前LCAⅡ基因治疗的初步临床试验也取得了令人振奋的结果,这些结果一方面为LCA的治疗带来了希望,同时也为其他遗传性视网膜疾病的基因治疗积累了经验.就LCAⅡ型临床前基因治疗的基础研究现状进行综述.