软枣猕猴桃雌雄株生长过程中植株形态及主要次生代谢产物变化

摘要

软枣猕猴桃是雌雄异株植株, 雌株经济效益明显大于雄株.幼苗期雌雄无法辨别给软枣猕猴桃种质资源的改良和育种带来巨大的困难.为了鉴别软枣猕猴桃植株的性别, 以软枣猕猴桃成龄雌雄植株为研究对象, 探究其生长过程中植株外部形态及主要次生代谢产物含量动态变化差异.结果表明:软枣猕猴桃生长过程中, 物侯期出现的时间整体上差异不大;叶柄长度变化趋势基本一致, 但雌株的叶柄长度显著大于雄株, 叶形指数在花期之后出现显著差异, 即雄株显著变宽而雌株变长;雄株的花青素、总酚和类黄酮的相对含量高于雌株, 而雄株和雌株的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素的含量和变化趋势随着生长时期的不同而有所差异, 多数差异出现在展叶期、花期和坐果期.%In order to identify the sex of Actinidia arguta, the male and female Actinidia arguta as the materials, the difference in dynamic change of plant morphology and the content of main secondary metabolite during plant growth was determined.The results showed that the difference between phenological periods was not significant, and the changes of petiole length were basically identical, whereas the petiole length of female plant was significantly greater than the male and, the leaf shape of the female plant became wider and the leaf shape of male plant became longer.The relative contents of anthocyanin, total phenol and flavonoids of the male plant were always higher than the female plant.The contents of Chlorophyll A, Chorophyl B and carotenoid between female and male plant were divergent at growth periods, in addition, the differences appeared at the leaf-expansion, flowering and fruit-set stages.