‘御金球’荔枝果肉挥发性成分的顶空固相微萃取GC-MS分析

摘要

为对荔枝新品种‘御金球’果肉中挥发性成分进行分析，采用顶空固相微萃取法和气质联用（ HS⁃SPME⁃GC⁃MS）技术，结果共检测到烯类（73．87％）、酯类（4．38％）、醇类（3．12％）、醛类（0．81％）、酮类（0．14％）、酸类（0．19％）、烷烃类（0．57％）及其他成分10大类共52种化合物，其中烯烃类含量最高，共计24种。右旋大根香叶烯、α⁃衣兰油烯、1⁃甲氧基⁃3，7⁃二甲基⁃2，6⁃辛二烯、榄香烯、月桂烯、α⁃异松油烯、柠檬烯、香橙烯、γ⁃衣兰油烯、γ⁃杜松烯、α⁃蒎烯、（＋）⁃环苜蓿烯，β⁃榄香烯、乙酸香茅酯、1⁃乙酰基⁃16，17⁃双脱氢⁃（9CI）⁃Curan⁃20⁃醇、（1a，3b，4b，6a）⁃4，7，7⁃三甲基二环[4．1．0]庚烷⁃3⁃醇、香叶醇、柠檬醛为其主要香气成分。而相对含量最大（20．16％）且具有抗菌作用的右旋大根香叶烯、抗菌抗氧化的柠檬醛、黄酮类的3′，4′，7⁃3⁃O⁃甲基槲皮素等物质的检出显示出‘御金球’荔枝具有潜在的药理及保健作用。%The volatile compounds of pulp from new litchi cultivar‘Yujinqiu’ were extracted by headspace solid⁃phase microextraction and were identified by the analysis of gas chromatography⁃mass spectrometry( HS⁃SPME⁃GC⁃MS).52 components from ten groups were indentified including terpenes (73.87%),esters (4. 38%),alcohols (3.12%),aldehydes (0.81%),ketones (0.14%),acids (0.19%),alkanes(0.57%)and other ingredients,among which 24 kinds terpenes had the highest Relative content and the major volatile components in‘Yujinqiu’ pulp were Germacrene⁃D,α⁃Muurolene,1⁃Methoxy⁃3,7⁃dimethyl⁃2,6⁃octadiene,Elemene,Myr⁃cene,α⁃Terpinolen,DL⁃Limonene,Aromadendrene,γ⁃Muurolene,γ⁃Cadinene,α⁃Copaene,(+)⁃Cyclosativene,β⁃Elemene,Citronellol acetate,Curan⁃20⁃ol,1⁃acetyl⁃16,17⁃didehydro⁃(9CI),Bicyclo[4.1.0]heptan⁃3⁃ol,4, 7,7⁃trimethyl⁃,(1a,3b,4b,6a)⁃(9CI),Geraniol and Citral in‘Yujinqiu’pulp.In addition,the detection of Germacrene⁃D with maximum relative content (20.16%) and antibacterial action,citral with antibacterial and antioxidant effects and the flavonoids 4H⁃1⁃Benzopyran⁃4⁃one,2⁃(3,4⁃dimethoxyphenyl)⁃3,5⁃dihydroxy⁃7⁃me⁃thoxy⁃all showed that‘Yujinqiu’ has the potential of pharmacology and health care.