The Birth of the Moscow School of Applied Mechanics in the 2nd Half of the 19th Century and the Early 20th Century

摘要

One of the results of Russia's defeat during the Crimean war (1853-55) was increased interest for technical education and especially for applied mechanics (theories of mechanisms, machines etc.). A particular place in this historical process is occupied by the Moscow school of applied mechanics that was created by efforts of the professors of the Moscow University (MU) and the Imperial Technical School (ITS). This paper presents the contributions of MU professors (A. Yershov, N. Zhukovskii, F. Orlov, D. Zernov, N. Mertsalov) to the development of the Applied Mechanics training course at the ITU. Mertsalov's activity is shown up to the revolution of 1917. The evolution of the course is shown from encyclopedic compiled content to an original high grade theoretical course. The conformity between the courses and the engineering training requirements of that period is described.