Therapeutic approach to severe acute renal failure

摘要

Acute renal failure (ARF) is characterized by a rapid onset of renal insufficiency/failure, reduction in glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow, and the clinical and biochemical aftermath of the excretory failure. In some patients the syndrome is distinguished by oliguria or anuria, but today this classical feature of ARF is less predictable or pathognomonic. The excretory failure is identified by rapid (hours to days) increases in BUN, serum creatinine and phosphate, and variable hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis. Acute renal failure is a tenuously reversible state, which must be diagnosed quickly and aggressively treated. It is frequently a complication of other surgical or medical diseases and must be recognized within the clinical features of these associated disorders.