An illuminating device 100 is provided with: a characteristic information acquisition unit 411 that acquires spectral characteristic information relating to spectral characteristics of a reference subject to be design reference of a subject to be inspected; an illuminating unit 2 that outputs illuminating light toward the subject to be inspected; and an illumination control unit 412, which controls operations of the illuminating unit 2, and which, on the basis of the spectral characteristic information acquired by means of the characteristic information acquisition unit 411, outputs, from the illuminating unit 2 toward the subject to be inspected, illuminating light with which the spectral characteristics of reflected light become specific spectral characteristics when the illuminating light is outputted toward the reference subject.
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