A base constitucional do sentido e o esquema de derivação teórica em Sein und Zeit de Martin Heidegger: possibilidades de um debate epistemológico a partir do horizonte do ser-no-mundo

摘要

In this research we argue that Being and Time by Martin Heidegger involves a constitutional basis of meaning understood as an antepredicative structural horizon of intelligibility. Formed by interlacing of significance die that qualifies the world with the existential structures characteristics of being-in, both compositional instances of the construct being-in-the-world, Heidegger identifies this antepredicative layer as a grounding basis to knowledge from which he sustains his entire theoretical derivation scheme. It comes to think, therefore, the horizon of being-in-the-world as a root of a significance die and intelligibility with which we face when also need to finding a grounding for knowledge, for science. From this we can infer that an epistemology which they choose not impartial in their problematizations, should begin its work already in antepredicative plan of being-in-the-world, because if we ratified Heidegger's philosophical position this horizon represent the primary stronghold of scientific experiments, of the possibility of structuring of the various theories. Karl-Otto Apel, in its confrontation with the Heidegger’s philosophy confirms and takes into account this potential possibility, built an epistemological discussion that has its starting point on the horizon even being-in-the-world. However, the philosopher goes on to present a set of critical objections through which intends to overcome certain reflexive insufficiencies present in the heideggerian approaches. The detachment of a total adhesion to the hermeneutic phenomenology is thus marked by the requirement for the normative instance to provide a justification of the validity of knowledge in a sense which includes not only validation of the theoretical and conceptual thought, of the objective knowledge, but also the meaning and understanding uncovered in antepredicative everyday experience. In search of mechanisms to establish a complementarity between the problem of meaning and validity, Apel will perform thus through transcendental a priori of language, a kind of epistemological welding of such normative instance to the horizon of being-in-the-world.