Juan Cristóbal Gundlach’s contributions to the knowledge of Puerto Rican birds and his influence on the development of natural history in Puerto Rico

摘要

The German naturalist, Juan Cristóbal Gundlach (1810-1896), resided in Cuba for the last 57 years of his life, except for two expeditions to Puerto Rico in 1873 and 1875-1876, when he explored the southwestern, western, and northeastern regions. Gundlach made representative collections of the island’s fauna, which formed the nucleus of the first natural history museum in Puerto Rico. He substantially increased the number of species known from the island, and was the first naturalist to make meticulous observations and produce detailed reports of the island’s natural history. Gundlach greatly influenced other naturalists in the island, so that a period of concerted advancement in knowledge of natural history occurred in the 1870s. That development coincided with the establishment of the first higher education institutions in the island, including the first natural history museum. The natural history museums eventually closed, and only a few of their specimens were passed to other institutions, including foreign museums. None of Gundlach’s and few of his contemporaries’ specimens have survived in Puerto Rico.