Energy and environment challenges during the next two decades will to a large degree determine sustainable development, environmental quality and energy security. Energy strategy usually embodies various aspects of policy and technology pathways. The challenge is to focus R, D & D on technologies that seek to achieve higher levels of efficiency covering all forms of energy conversion as well as those that seek to improve the efficiency of energy conversion at the end use stage. The paper presents the technology pathways highlighting those that are needed for a secure energy future, at the same time managing the environmental impacts including the global climate change concerns.
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