Techniques for holmium laser lithotripsy of intrarenal calculi

摘要

Objective: To describe specific techniques of holmium laser lithotripsy for intrarenal calculi based on characteristics of the stone. Methods: The dancing, chipping, fragmenting, and popcorn techniques are used to ablate stones ureteroscopically with the holmium laser. Results: All techniques lead to successful stone ablation, with the different techniques being applied preferentially to stones with different characteristics. Conclusion: Honing precise techniques of ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy can lead to more efficient lithotripsy. ? 2013 Elsevier Inc.