This, too, shall pass-like a kidney stone: A possible path to prophylaxis of nephrolithiasis? focus on 'cholinergic signaling inhibits oxalate transport by human intestinal T84 cells'

摘要

nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) has a lifetime prevalence in the developed world of —5% in females, and up to 12% in males, with recurrence in 50% of cases. Normal human urine is supersaturated with respect to the calcium oxalate ion pair, and roughly two thirds of kidney stones are composed predominantly of calcium oxalate. Oxalate input derives from dietary oxalate absorbed across the gut mucosa and from hepatic oxalate biosynthesis, but is a terminal metabolite that cannot be metabolized except by oxalate or oxalyl-CoA decarboxylases of certain bacteria of the gut lumen (23). The body must match excretion to input"to avoid retention of toxic levels of oxalate. This is accomplished by renal glomerular filtration and renal proximal tubular secretion of oxalate into the urine, as well as by intestinal entero-cyte secretion of oxalate for fecal excretion.