Effects on markers of inflammation and endothelial cell function of three ad libitum diets differing in type and amount of fat and carbohydrate: a 6-month randomised study in obese individuals

摘要

Diet is important for the prevention of CVD, and diets high in MUFA might be more cardioprotective than low-fat diets. We hypothesise that inflammation and endothelial cell function will be improved most favourably by a high-MUFA diet compared with a low-fat diet. This was tested in a parallel randomised intervention trial on overweight individuals (aged 28.2 (SD 4.6) years) assigned to a diet moderate in the amount of fat (35-45% of energy; >20% of fat as MUFA; MUFA diet, n 39), a low-fat (20-30% of energy) diet (LF diet, n 43) or a control diet (35% of energy as fat, n 24) for 6 months after weight loss. Protein constituted 10-20% of energy in all diets. Food was provided free of charge. Fasting blood samples were collected before and after the intervention and analysed for C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, intercellular adhesion molecule, von Willebrand factor (vWF) and tissue factor pathway inhibitor. vWF concentrations tended to fall on the LF diet (4.78 (SD 16.44) %; P=0.07). Concentrations of IL-6 were reduced by the MUFA (0.37 (SD 0.74) pg/ml; P<0.01) and LF (0.47 (SD 0.69) pg/ml; P<0.001) diets, and CRP was reduced on all diets (MUFA: 0.48 (SD 1.93) mg/l (P<0.01); LF: 1.46 (SD 2.89) mg/l (P<0.001); control: 1.20 (SD 1.97) mg/l (P<0.01)). No significant differences were observed between changes induced by the different diets. Our findings suggest that in overweight subjects after weight loss, the MUFA and LF diets have similar long-term effects on inflammation and endothelial cell function.