Optimization and thermodynamic assessment of ferrite (Fe_3O_4)synthesis in simulated wastewater

摘要

The effect of temperature, pH, the rate and time of oxidation, the concentration of ferrous ion in the starting suspensions as well as the amount of oxidant acting on the process of Fe_3O_4 synthesis by Fe(OH)_2 suspensions are investigated. After 2 h reaction at 90 ℃ under the oxidation of 10g/L NH_4NO_3, solution containing 0.25-0.35 mol/L iron(Ⅱ) ion initially would yield the greatest amount of Fe_3O_4, up to 95% Fe_3O_4 could be formed. pH of the solution should be controlled between 9.0 and 11.0. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that the product has spinel structure, which indicated that the product is Fe_3O_4. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show that the crystal size of ferrite is around 0.2 μm. The equilibrium composition of the synthesis reaction of Fe_3O_4 is optimized by the minimization of the free energy of thermodynamics. It was found that the optimal condition for the synthesis of Fe_3O_4 obtained through experiment is correspondent with that obtained through computer calculation. In the Fe_3O_4 formation area given by Kiyama [M. Kiyama, Conditions for the formation of Fe_3O_4 by the air oxidation of Fe(OH)_2 suspensions, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 47 (7) (1974) 1646-1650], the content of the product formed is not the same everywhere. The main factor that influences the content of the product is the amount of oxidant.