墨子“尚同观”与涂尔干“社会团结观”之比较——基于管理伦理的视角

摘要

墨子与涂尔干一个明显的思想共鸣是对于社会群体的认识和提倡。两者都强调了人与人之间结成协调一致的组织关系的必要性,但在如何维护组织关系方面却存在不同。在以往对墨子思想的剖析中,许多研究者仅仅针对墨子尚同观念进行整体性的释义,而墨子的尚同思想可以从行为尚同观和道德尚同观两个层面进行解读。在与涂尔干的社会团结理论进行比较分析后发现：涂尔干所倡导的团结基于并囿于行会制度的规范,而墨子更勇于追求基于道德认同的团结。中西方＂观社会＂的不同视角或将管理伦理带入更深的思考。%The most pronounced commonness among Mo Zi and Durkheim is the recognition and advocacy of social groups.Both of them emphasized in their own ways the necessity of harmonious and unified relationships among people,yet,they also differed greatly as to how to maintain it.In the previous study of Mo Zi＇s thinking,many scholars gave a whole interpretation of Mo Zi＇s view of super-ordination,actually,Mo Zi＇s view of super-ordination could be divided into two levels,i.e.behavioral level and ethical level.Compared with Durkheim＇s view of social solidarity,it was found that the solidarity,advocated by Durkheim was based on and bound to the social rules and regulations,while Mo Zi was more courageous in the pursuit of solidarity based on ethics.The different perspectives in the east and west can lead us into deeper thinking of managerial ethics.