"使"字句和"把"字句是现代汉语表示致使语义的两个重要句式,二者具有一定的转换关系但又有不同.本文在形式化的事件语义理论框架下,对表示致使义的"使"字句和"把"字句进行了细致的事件结构分析及语义推衍.我们发现,表示致使义的"使"字句和"把"字句,不论句法上表现为单句、从单句向复句转化过程的中间阶段句式,还是复句,在语义上都呈现复合事件结构,其中"使"字句是两个子事件的合取,"把"字句则包含合取加嵌套的复杂事件结构.通过对比两类句式的事件语义结构我们还发现,有可能形成替换关系的是事件致使类的"使"字句和"把"字句,以及个体致使关系类"使"字句与客体指向"把"字句,且第二个原子事件表示完成.二者所表示的语义亦存在细微差异,前者的致事表原因,而后者的致事表外力.%As two important sentence patterns expressing causative meaning, shi- and ba-constructions are different from each other but are interchangeable in some cases.Within the framework of event semantics which is based on formal semantic analysis,this pa-per proposes in-depth event structure analysis and semantic derivations for shi-and ba-constructions. It is argued that both shi-and ba-constructions comprise complex event structures,no matter they are embodied in simple sentences,or complex sentences,or sentences that are transformed from simple sentences to complex sentences. However, semantically shi-construction is the sum of two sub-events whereas ba-construction in-volves conjunction and embedded relations. A comparison of the event structures of these two constructions indicates that only shi-constructions conveying individual causative relations are interchangeable with object-oriented ba-constructions,but there is still sub-tle semantic difference between these two constructions even when they are interchange-able:the former expresses a casual causation while the latter expresses an external force causation.
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