空间站有效载荷真空支持系统方案评述

摘要

The vacuum support system is a key part of the service systems for space payloads, to provide a vacuum environment for payload experiments carried out onboard the space station. This paper analyzes the scheme of such a system taking the payloads in each experiment module onboard the International Space Station (ISS) as examples, including the US Destiny experiment module (USL), the ESA Columbus module (APM) and the Japanese experiment module (JEM). The vacuum service systems in the first Materials Science Research Rack (MSRR-1) and the microgravity Combustion Integrated Rack (CIR) are demonstrated in detail. A preliminary scheme for the coming space station of China is proposed. By arranging the payload experiments in order, and combining the waste gas exhaustion subsystem and the vacuum resource subsystem, the resource can be saved and the reliability enhanced.%有效载荷真空支持系统是空间有效载荷支持系统的重要组成部分,为空间有效载荷实验的顺利进行提供真空环境支持和保证.文章详细分析了国际空间站包括美国“命运号”实验舱(USL)、欧空局哥伦布轨道舱(APM)及日本实验舱(JEM)内的有效载荷真空支持系统方案及使用情况；对美国实验舱内的一号微重力材料科学机柜及微重力燃烧科学机柜内部专用的真空支持系统作了主要介绍；最后提出了我国空间站有效载荷真空支持系统的初步方案设想,即合理安排有效载荷实验进行次序,将废气排放子系统及真空资源子系统合二为一,以节约资源,提高可靠性.