2种新型塑胶环保型网箱养殖褐牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)与大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)效果的评估

摘要

Two types of new-styled cages,monolayer cage and bilayer cage,which made of environment-friendly plastic,were developed for Paralichthys olivaceus and Scophthalmus maximus culture.The new culture systems were tested to explore if they affect the survival rate and growth of two important aquaculture species in fish breeding.In the P.olivaceus culture experiment,the survival rate of the traditional wooden cage group was 92.73％,with production yield of 16.42 kg/m2,while the survival rate of the new monolayer plastic cage group significantly increased to 96.37％ with yield up to 17.42 kg/m2 (P＜0.05).Furthermore,the yield per unit area of the new monolayer plastic cage group was 6.10％ higher than that in the traditional wooden cage (P＜0.05).In the culture of small sized S.maximus,the traditional wooden cage group had a survival rate of 92.50％ with a yield of 8.09 kg/m2 and the new monolayer plastic cage group had a survival rate of 92.50％ with a yield of 8.02 kg/m2.By contrast,the bilayer plastic cage group had a similar survival rate of 92.00％,but with an increased yield of 10.53 kg/m2.The bilayer plastic cage had significantly improved the yield per unit area,which was 30.00％ and 31.00％ higher than the traditional wooden cage group and the monolayer plastic cage group respectively (P＜0.05).In the culture of big sized S.maximus,the survival rate was over 95.00％ and the yield was between 14.52 kg/m2 and 16.32 kg/m2 in both new-styled plastic cage groups.However,there was significant difference in the average weight of fish between the two new plastic cage groups (P＜0.05).The yield per unit area of bilayer cage group was 11.00％ higher than that in monolayer cage.The results demonstrated that using new plastic environment-friendly cage can significantly benefit P.olivaceus aquaculture.Compared with the traditional wooden cage,the new-type plastic cage has advantages such as energy-saving,environment-friendly and operation-convenient.Above all,the bilayer plastic cage can promote the effective use of rearing space,and increase the production yield.%以褐牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)和大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)为养殖对象,设计了2种新型的鲆鲽类网箱,即新型塑胶环保型单、双层网箱.通过褐牙鲆和大菱鲆网箱养殖实验来验证2种新型的网箱在实际生产中的可行性.结果显示,褐牙鲆传统木箱养殖组的商品鱼成活率为92.73％,单位面积产量为16.42 kg/m2;塑胶单层网箱养殖组的成活率为96.37％,单位面积产量为17.42 kg/m2.2个组的成活率、单位面积产量均存在显著差异(P＜0.05),单位面积产量同比增产6.10％.小规格大菱鲆传统网箱商品鱼成活率为92.50％,单位面积产量为8.09 kg/m2;塑胶单层网箱组的商品鱼成活率为92.50％,单位面积产量为8.02 kg/m2;塑胶双层网箱组的商品鱼成活率为92.00％,单位面积产量为10.53 kg/m2,与传统网箱、单层塑胶网箱存在显著差异(P＜0.05),且同比增产分别为30.00％、31.00％.大规格大菱鲆单、双层塑胶环保型网箱养殖的成活率达到95.00％以上,单位面积产量均为14.52-16.32 kg/m2;大规格大菱鲆双层网箱实验组平均尾重与单层网箱示范组差异显著(P＜0.05),单位养殖面积产量同比单层网箱示范组增产11.00％.研究表明,新型塑胶环保网箱养殖褐牙鲆效果良好.新型网箱相对于传统木制网箱除了具有节能环保、节约资源、操作便利的特点外,双层网箱养殖可提高有效利用面积,增加养殖效益.