多环芳烃的真菌漆酶转化及污染土壤修复技术

摘要

漆酶可以转化多种有机污染物,在环境保护领域具有广泛的应用潜力.二十年来,通过多学科协同研究,对真菌漆酶转化多环芳烃的机制、特征等各方面的认识不断深入.基于漆酶等真菌木质素分解酶的污染土壤修复技术不断发展,并逐渐走向田间应用.本文首先介绍了真菌漆酶的一般作用机制与多环芳烃转化特征,结合我们的相关研究提出了漆酶作用下多环芳烃在土壤中的迁移模式;其次介绍了利用漆酶氧化原理修复污染农田土壤的潜力,着重对利用农业废弃物进行真菌生物刺激的修复实践进行了评述;最后,就漆酶转化多环芳烃基础研究中的若干重要问题进行了思考,并展望了真菌及其漆酶系统在污染土壤修复应用中的发展方向.%Fungal laccases are capable of transforming many organic pollutants,thus are promising in environmental detoxification.Over the last two decades,the characteristics and mechanisms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) transformation by laccase were extensively studied,meanwhile fungal ligninolytic enzymes-based remediation technologies targeting PAHs-contaminated soil were rapidly developed.In this article,we begin with a review of the redox mechanisms and PAHs oxidation characteristics of fungal laccase.A fate model of PAHs transformed by laccase in soil is out forward based on our recent studies.The remediation potentials of fungal laccase and remediation efforts using agricultural wastes like spent mushroom substrates are summarized.Lastly,a few key issues associated with research frontiers and practical application of fungi and their laccase systems are discussed.