人类免疫缺陷病毒感染与T淋巴细胞损伤

摘要

人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV) 是具有包膜的正链RNA病毒,以人体免疫系统中最重要的CD4 +T淋巴细胞为感染和攻击目标,通过损伤细胞膜、干扰细胞自身蛋白合成直接杀伤CD4 +T细胞,诱导感染细胞生成某些细胞因子间接杀伤CD4 +T细胞,gp120与CD4分子交联,诱导CD4 +T细胞凋亡.在HIV感染及多种细胞因子作用下,T淋巴细胞分化为细胞毒性T细胞,特异性识别和清除病毒感染的细胞;分化为调节性T细胞,发挥免疫抑制功能,防止免疫过激;分化为记忆性T细胞,介导再次免疫应答.%HIV is a positive-strand RNA virus, it main infects and attacks CD4+T lymphocytes of the human immune system. HIV can directly kill CD4+ T cells by damaging the cell membrane,interfere with cell's own protein synthesis,and indirectly destroy CD4+T cells by inducing infected cells to produce some cytokines. By gp120 and CD4 molecules cross-linked,HIV can induced apoptosis of CD4+ T cells. While HIV in fection and the various cytokines act together, T lymphocytes differentiate into cytotoxic T cells, specifically recognize and remove virus-infected cells, some T lymphocytes polarize into regulatory T cells, play the immune suppression, prevent and control excessive immune; and some T lymphocytes differentiate into memory T-cell to mediate immune response again.