行动研究根据其主体不同及研究的侧重点不同可分为三类，即由研究者主导的强调“科学性”的行动研究、行动者为解决自身问题而发起的“务实性”的行动研究以及由研究者和行动者合作开展的混合型行动研究。混合型行动研究强调对现实进行批判性反思，具有强烈的“批判性”。相同的社会文化背景同时孕育了行动研究和社区心理学，其中既有当代哲学发展与后现代哲学思潮的影响，又有人文社会科学研究困境的刺激。在实用主义和实践导向方面的高度契合是社区心理学开展行动研究的主要原因。当前社区心理学开展行动研究面临的问题，首先是对新的研究方式的学习和适应问题。由于行动研究认可价值负载，研究者的立场必然影响研究的进程和结果，如何应对科学主义研究取向的质疑和批评是个不小的挑战。此外，还要解决好社区行动研究的重心由个体内部心理向外部环境的转移问题，以及研究者与被研究者由主客关系向合作关系的转变问题。最后，中国特色的社区管理模式也给社区行动研究带来一些阻力。尽管如此，随着人文社会科学研究目的和评价标准的改变，社区行动研究的阻力正在减弱，似乎有理由对此保持乐观。%Action research is divided into three categories according to its researchers and research focus:scientific action research led by researchers, practical action research initiated by actors to solve their own problems and mixed action research conducted by researchers and actors. The mixed type emphasizes the critical reflection of reality, and has a strong sense of criticism. Action research and community psychology were given birth to the same social and cultural background, including the influence of contemporary philosophy development and post-modern philosophy and stimulation of the plight of humanities and social science. Action research is highly consistent with the community psychology in the view of pragmatism and practical direction, which is the main cause of launching action research in community psychology. The first problem of community action research is to study and adapt to the new research paradigm. Due to its approval of value loaded, the standpoint of researchers and participants will affect the process and outcome of the research, thus how to deal with the question and the criticism from the scientism orientation is not a small challenge. In addition, the problem of the transfer from individuals' inner psychological factors to outer environmental factors in community action research as well as the change of the relationship between the researchers and participants from subject-object relationship to cooperation relationship should be solved. Finally, the community management model with Chinese characteristics also brings some resistance to the community action research. Nevertheless, with the changes of the research purposes and the evaluation criteria of humanities and social science research, the resistance of launching action research in community psychology is gradually weakening. There seems to be a reason to remain optimistic.
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