Objective To investigate the feasibility of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) as a biomarker of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coke oven workers. Methods Seventy coke oven workers in a coke factory were chosen as PAHs exposed group and 31 administrative medical staff in the factory hospital were taken as control group. The personal information for subjects such as age, years of employment, smoking, alcohol drinking and history of occupation were collected with questionnaires.Ambient air samples in working sites were collected with personal air sampling pumps and the concentrations of 17 kinds of targeted PAHs in sampled air and urinary 1-OHP were determined through high-pressure liquid chromatography. The correlation between urinary 1-OHP and PAHs was analyzed by curve estimation. Results The total exposed amount of PAHs, carcinogenic PAHs,pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and urinary 1-OHP concentration of subjects showed a tendency of topside-oven workers ＞ side-oven workers ＞ bottom-oven workers ＞ auxiliary workers ＞ control group (P＜0.05). Using urinary 1-OHP biological exposure limit of 2.3 μmol/mol creatinine as boundary value, logistic analysis indicated that compared with control group, the odds ratio (OR)of urinary 1-OHP concentration showed increase in auxiliary workers, bottom-oven workers, side-oven workers and topside-oven workers ( 1.48, 5.42, 3.33 and 21.66, respectively, P = 0.579, 0.028, 0.133 and 0.008). Multivariate logistic regression analysis for 1-OHP concentration showed that job types were the main factors inducing 1-OHP concentration change, and the regression coefficients for auxiliary workers, bottom-oven workers, side-oven workers and topside-oven workers were 0. 08, 0. 32, 0. 38 and 0.57, respectively (P = 0.563,0.016,0.012 and 0.000, respectively). Smoking only influenced urinary 1-OHP concentration in control group, and urinary 1-OHP concentrations in smokers (2.28 ± 1.43) were significantly higher than those in non-smokers( 0.68 ±0.24) ,P＜0.05. The results from curve estimation suggested that there was a positive correlation between 1-OHP concentrations and exposure levels of PAHs, carcinogenic PAHs, pyrene as well as B[a]P with R2 being 0.86, 0.82, 0.80 and 0.84 respectively,P＜ 0.05. Conclusion Urinary 1-OHP can be regarded as a biomarker of exposure to PAHs in coke oven workers.%目的 探讨尿1-羟基芘(1-OHP)作为焦炉工人多环芳烃(PAHs)暴露生物标志物的可行性.方法 选取某焦化厂70名焦炉工人为多环芳烃暴露组,该厂医院31名医护管理人员为对照组.采用调查表采集研究对象年龄、工龄、吸烟、饮酒和职业史等个人信息,个体采样方法采集作业环境空气样本,高压液相色谱仪测定空气样本中17种PAHs浓度和研究对象尿1-OHP浓度.曲线拟合法分析尿1-OHP与PAHs等的相关关系.结果 PAHs总量、致癌性PAHs总量、芘、苯并[a]芘(B[a]P)和尿1-OHP浓度均呈现炉顶工＞炉侧工＞炉底工＞辅助工＞对照的趋势(P＜0.05).以尿1-OHP浓度2.3 μmol/mol Cr为界值进行Logistic回归分析,结果与对照组比较,辅助工、炉底工、炉侧工、炉顶工尿1-OHP浓度升高的危险度OR分别为1.48,5.42,3.33和21.66(P值分别为0.579,0.028,0.133和0.008);尿1-OHP多元线性回归分析显示,工种为尿1-OHP水平变化的主要影响因素,辅助工、炉底工、炉侧工、炉顶工偏回归系数分别为0.08,0.32,0.38,0.57(P值分别为0.563,0.016,0.012和0.000).吸烟仅影响对照组人群尿1-OHP水平,在对照组中,吸烟者的尿1-OHP浓度(2.38±1.43)显著高于非吸烟人群(0.68±0.24),P＜0.05.曲线拟合结果显示,研究对象尿1-OHP浓度与暴露PAHs总量、致癌性PAHs、芘、B[a]P浓度呈正相关,R2分别为0.86,0.82,0.80和0.84,P＜0.05.结论 尿1-OHP可作为焦炉工人PAHs暴露的生物标志物.
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