组织氛围对建筑工人不安全行为的影响机理及实证研究

摘要

To study the influence of organizational climate on unsafe behavior of construction workers,the organizational climate was measured from three aspects including the team level safety climate,the team level safety education and the project level safety climate,then the occurrence mechanism of construction workers'unsafe behavior was constructed based on the relationship of organizational climate with safety attitude,unsafe motivation and safety capacity.Through collecting the data of 267 valid questionnaires from more than 20 projects,the verification was carried out by using the structural equation model (SEM),and the influence degree and influenced degree among the latent variables were further calculated and analyzed by using the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL).The results showed that the influence of team level safety climate on safety attitude,team level safety education on safety attitude,safety capacity on safety attitude and safety attitude on safety motivation were significant,and the influence of safety motivation and safety capacity on unsafe behavior were significant.The correlation among the team level safety climate,the team level safety education and the project level safety climate was significant.The team level safety climate,the team level safety education and the project level safety education were the typical cause influence factors,and influenced the unsafe behavior together through the safety attitude.The countermeasures were put forward according to the research results,which can provide the theoretical guide to safety management work.%为了研究组织氛围对建筑工人不安全行为的影响,从班组级安全氛围、班组级安全教育和项目级安全氛围三个层面测量组织氛围,基于组织氛围与安全态度、不安全动机及安全能力之间的关系,构建建筑工人不安全行为发生的机理.通过23个项目267份有效问卷收集数据,采用结构方程模型(SEM)进行验证,采用决策试验和评价实验室(DEMATEL)进一步计算和分析各潜变量之间的影响度和被影响度.研究结果表明:班组级安全氛围对安全态度、班组级安全教育对安全态度、安全能力对安全态度、安全态度对安全动机的影响显著;安全动机和安全能力对不安全行为的影响显著;班组级安全氛围、班组级安全教育和项目级安全氛围之间相互关系显著;班组级安全氛围、班组级安全教育和项目级安全教育是典型的原因影响因素,通过安全态度共同影响不安全行为.根据研究结果,提出应对措施,可为安全管理工作提供理论指导.