在卢梭与白璧德之间--论自然主义与新人文主义儿童教育观

摘要

Rousseau’s Naturalism concept in children education insists that a wise choice in children education come from a loving mother, that the “love” in child-oriented education abide by the “rule” of children’s natural development, and that children’s education be conducted in life experiences. Irving Babbitt’s New Humanism, possessing a commanding stand of higher education, warns educators to avoid excessive Humanitarianism and Naturalism tendencies, and advocates educators to cultivate intellectual aristocrats. This paper discusses the main points of the two educational concepts and points out that it is beneficial to assimilate the virtues in both and apply them in children education in China.%　　卢梭自然主义儿童教育观强调：儿童教育的抉择应出自慈爱明智的母亲；儿童本位教育之“情”应遵循儿童自然发展之“理”；儿童的教育应在生活实践中开展。白璧德新人文主义教育观则从大学教育出发，高屋建瓴地警示了教育应当避免过度的人道主义倾向与自然主义倾向，提出了用文学滋养精神贵族的积极主张。对自然主义与新人文主义教育观的主要观点进行分析，认为教育者应当站在卢梭与白璧德之间，博采两种教育观的光辉，以照亮中国儿童教育的视野。