上海某高校新校区中抗生素抗性基因污染状况分析

摘要

The purpose of this research was to investigate the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes ( ARGs) a new environmental pollutant in a university campus circumstances.Qualitative studies through PCR assays were con-ducted for ARGs encoding 8 categories of tetracycline, 4 sulfonamide, 5 chloramphenicol, 4 streptomycin, and 7 β-lactam from sludge collected in different wastewater checking wells in the only-5-year new university campus.Denatu-ring gradient gel electrophoresis ( DGGE) was used to analyze the diversity of bacterial community in the sludge.The results showed that 19 ARGs were detected in samples from every area in the campus, and the detection rates of more than 50%were as high as 8 categories.Among them the sulphonamide resistance genes sulI and sulII were the genes of the highest detection rate (100%).In experimental and dining areas, the largest number of ARGs (14) was de-tected, followed by 12 in dormitory area, and 8 ARGs were the least detected in teaching areas.DGGE analyses was done for the bacterial community structure and showed that there was no significant relationship between the distribu-tion of ARGs and the diversity of bacterial community.The new campus was set up only 5 years, however, the ARGs pollution was considerably serious.The appearance of ARGs may have been proliferated and promoted by human activ-ities;especially scientific research activities.Moreover, the relationship between bacterial diversity and ARGs catego-ries suggested that some other environmental factors beyond the bacterial categories may have affected the migration of ARGs in environment.%探究新型环境污染物—抗生素抗性基因（ ARGs ）在校园环境中的分布状况。通过聚合酶链式反应（ PCR）对上海某高校使用5年新校区不同区域污水检查井污泥中8种四环素类、4种磺胺类、7种β－内酰胺类、4种链霉素类和5种氯霉素类ARGs进行定性研究，并利用变性梯度凝胶电泳（ DGGE）技术分析污泥中细菌群落的多样性。结果显示，校园各区域中共检出19种ARGs，有8种ARGs的检出率大于50％，其中磺胺类抗性基因sulI、sulII的检出率最高，为100％。实验区及餐饮区的ARGs检出种类最多，均为14种，其次为宿舍区（12种），教学区的ARGs检出最少（8种）。通过DGGE分析细菌群落结构，证明该地区的ARGs分布与细菌多样性无明显关系。新校区使用5年但ARGs污染严重，可能是由于人类活动（尤其是科研活动）对ARGs的产生及扩散存在促进作用。此外，细菌群落多样性与ARGs种类的关系表明ARGs在环境中的迁移可能受到除细菌种类之外其他环境因素的影响。