2007~2014广东省膳食中铅、镉、砷、汞元素的人群健康风险评估

摘要

Objective According to monitoring data of variety of foods of Guangdong province from 2007 to 2014, to conduct an assessment on the major food exposure of lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury in Guangdong residents by the method of China total diet study. Methods Determined the contents of lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury in 22 kinds of food in Guangdong province ,.The margin of exposure (MOE) of lead and estimated monthly/weekly intake (EMI/EWI) of cadmium, arsenic and mercury were worked out as evaluation criteria. Results The average content of lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury in foods was 0.140, 0.118, 0.320 and 0.018 mg/kg, respectively. The MOE of lead of residents under 18 was estimated to be 0.35~13.76, meanwhile the MOE of lead of residents over 18 was estimated to be 1.83~89.57. The EMI of cadmium ranged from 0.02 to 20.28 μg/kg·bw, which was 0.08%~81.1% of provisional tolerable monthly intake (PTMI). More heavily, the EMI of cadmium from rice ranged from 11.47 to 20.28μg/kg·bw, which was equivalent to 45.9%~81.1% of PTMI. The EWI of arsenic ranged from 0.2 to 10.4 μg/kg·bw, which was 1.3%~69% of provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). The EWI of mercury ranged from 0.01 to 1.29μg/kg·bw, which was 0.25%~32.2%of PTWI. Conclusion It witnessed that intake of lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury in Guangdong province was in the safe level. However, it is worth noting in the cadmium exposure risk of rice and lead exposure risk of vegetable.%目的：采用中国总膳食研究方法,运用广东省重金属污染监测工作所采集的各类居民日常食品中的铅、镉、砷、汞检测数据,评估广东省居民膳食中铅、镉、砷、汞的人群健康暴露情况。方法测定广东22市各类食品中的铅、镉、砷、汞含量,计算居民铅的暴露边界比,镉的每月摄入量,砷、汞的每周摄入量并以此作为评价标准。结果各类食品中铅、镉、砷、汞的总体均值分别为0.140、0.118、0.320、0.018 mg/kg,18岁以下未成年人群,铅的暴露边界比(MOE)值为0.35~13.76；18岁以上成年人群,铅的MOE值为1.83~89.57,镉的每月摄入量为0.02~20.28μg/kg·bw,占镉暂定每月可耐受摄入量的0.08%~81.1%。各人群大米中镉的 EMI值为11.47~20.28μg/kg·bw,占镉暂定每月可耐受摄入量的45.9%~81.1%；砷的EWI值为0.2~10.4μg/kg·bw,占PTWI的1.3%~69%；汞的EWI值为0.01~1.29μg/kg·bw,占PTWI的0.25%~32.2%。结论广东省居民膳食中铅、镉、砷、汞污染的暴露情况对于各年龄段人群来说总体处于安全水平,但其中大米的镉、蔬菜中的铅暴露却存在一定的风险。