食品中甲基汞检测技术研究进展

摘要

Among all the species of mercury,methyl mercury is considered as one of the most toxic contaminants due to its bioaccumulation and bio-durability.Chromatography and atomic fluorescence spectrometry or chromatographic plasma mass spectrometry technology have been developed as the most advanced methods for methyl mercury detection.Combination of the efficient separation effect of chromatography and high sensitivity of spectroscopy can meet the needs of methyl mercury detection.There are 3 common procedures involved in methyl mercury detection:extraction,separation and detection process.The paper reviewed different methyl mercury detection methods,and discussed the probable transforming of methyl mercury during the experiment procedures.Different extraction methods were analyzed,including acidic extraction,alkaline extraction,organic extraction and distillation extraction,and the separation effects of common separation techniques were compared,such as liquid chromatography and gas chromatography.Advantages and disadvantages of inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy were compared.The development trend of methyl mercury detection in food was prospected,so as to provide references for the development and standardization of methyl mercury analysis methods.%甲基汞因其生物蓄积性和持久性而成为毒性最强的污染物之一.近年来,色谱和原子荧光或等离子体质谱的联用技术已经成为甲基汞检测的主要方法,将色谱的高效分离技术与光谱和质谱高灵敏度的检测技术结合起来,可以满足目前甲基汞检测的需要.常见的食品中甲基汞检测分提取、分离和测定3个步骤.本文对甲基汞检测的不同方法进行综述,并讨论了实验步骤中甲基汞的转化过程.分析了包括酸式、碱式、有机试剂以及蒸馏提取在内的不同提取方法的特点;比较了包括液相色谱、气相色谱在内的常见分离方法的分离效果;对比了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)和原子荧光法(atomic fluorescence spectrometry,AFS)这2种常见检测方法的优劣.展望了食品中甲基汞测定的发展方向,为今后甲基汞分析方法的开发和标准化提供了思路和借鉴.