植物体内的非经典蛋白分泌途径

摘要

Protein secretion plays an essential role in plants, especially in cell wall organization and the response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Conventional protein secretion is characterized by a N-terminal signal peptide(SP)which facilitates protein translation in the endoplasmic reticulum(ER), modification in the Golgi apparatus, and finally reaching the plasma membrane or extracellular space via secretory vesicles budding off the TGN. Recently, increasing evidences indicate the existence of unconventional protein secretion(UPS)in plants, such as the identification of many signal peptide-lacking proteins, Golgi-bypass secretion, secretion mediated by MVB or EXPO. Here,we review the current knowledge of protein secretion in the plant cells with emphasize on the recent evidences for UPS in plants. Besides,the methods useful for protein secretion research are also briefly discussed.%蛋白分泌在植物细胞壁的构建以及植物对生物和非生物胁迫的响应具有重要作用.经典的分泌蛋白在其N端信号肽的引导下经内质网-高尔基体,最终定位于质膜或胞外空间.近年来,越来越多的证据表明植物体内存在多种非经典的蛋白分泌途径,比如鉴定出缺乏信号肽的分泌蛋白,不经过高尔基体的蛋白分泌,以及经MVB或EXPO介导的蛋白分泌等.本文综述了植物体内蛋白分泌途径,侧重介绍了近几年在植物细胞中发现的几种非经典蛋白分泌途径,并简要总结研究植物分泌途径中常用的技术.