CO2超临界萃取技术对金枪鱼油挥发性成分的分析

摘要

Based on the existing evaluation indexes of oil oxidation degree,supercritical CO2 extraction technol-ogy was used to refine crude fish oil.Electronic nose and headspace -solid phase micro -extraction (HS -SPME) coupled with gas chromatography -mass spectrometry (GC -MS)were used to analyze the volatiles of tuna fish oil which was extracted differently.The results showed that the AV and POV of the products of fish oil met the require-ments of industry standard,and the AV was the lowest by 32 ℃,20 MPa ,the POV was the lowest by 32 ℃,30 MPa and 40 ℃,20 MPa,and electronic nose can be sensitive to detect the volatiles change of fish oil.The volatiles of crude fish oil which were tested by 32 ℃,20 MPa、32 ℃,30 MPa and 40 ℃,20 MPa were significantly different by PCA and LDA methods.There were 46,19,12,and 23 kinds of volatile compounds including acids,aldehydes,ke-tones,and hydrocarbons,alcohols,esters,as well as a number of heterocyclic compounds,amines.The odor which may affect fish oil including aldehydes,ketones,amines,etc,were removed up to 100% by using supercritical CO2 extraction technology,besides,the acids were removed efficiently.%采用超临界 CO2萃取技术精制金枪鱼粗鱼油，依据现有对油脂氧化程度的评价指标：过氧化值（POV）和酸值（AV），运用电子鼻和顶空固相微萃取-气质联用法对不同萃取条件下的鱼油进行分析。结果表明，超临界 CO2精制的鱼油酸值和过氧化值符合水产行业标准对精制鱼油的要求，32℃，20 MPa 酸值最小，30 MPa 过氧化值最小。电子鼻能够快速、灵敏的检测到鱼油中挥发性物质的变化，通过 PCA 和 LDA 方法分析原鱼油、32℃，20 MPa、32℃，30 MPa 和40℃，20 MPa 条件精制的鱼油挥发性物质明显不同，利用 GC -MS分别检测出46、19、12和23种挥发性物质，包括酸类、醛类、烃类、酮类、醇类、酯类，还有少量杂环化合物、胺类等。超临界 CO2流体萃取技术对醛类、酮类、胺类等主要影响鱼油风味的物质去除率达到100％，对酸类去除效果良好。