围生期体质量管理与母婴结局的关系

摘要

目的：比较孕妇在围生期进行体质量管理后的母婴结局是否优于未管理的母婴结局。方法选取2011年至2012年在我院建册、正规产检、住院分娩的孕妇270例，其孕前体质量指数均在正常范围（18.5≤BMI＜25）。随机选取其中100例作为观察组，进行围生期体质量管理；另外170例作为对照组，进行常规处理。比较2组的母婴结局是否存在差异。另外，将对照组的不同年龄及文化程度的孕妇进行母婴结局的比较，看是否存在差异。结果①对照组的孕期增重过多及过少的比率、剖宫产率、巨大儿发生率、低体质量儿发生率、妊娠期糖尿病及新生儿窒息的发生率均明显高于观察组（P<0.05）；且产后出血、妊娠期高血压疾病、胎儿窘迫及产褥病率的发生率也高于观察组（P＞0.05）。②随着年龄的增长，孕期体质量增重过多、剖宫产、巨大儿、产后出血、妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠期高血压疾病的产褥感染的发生率有上升的趋势；另外，随着文化程度的上升，孕期体质量增重过多、剖宫产、巨大儿的发生率有下降的趋势。结论经过围生期体质量管理孕妇的母婴结局明显优于未进行体质量管理的母婴结局，故围生期进行体质量管理可改善母婴结局，值得推广。多关注高龄及文化程度较低的孕产妇，反复加强她们对孕期体质量管理的重视。%Objective To explore whether the maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women that have done weight management are better than that have not done management in the perinatal period. Methods Select 270 pregnant women that had built ifle, had checked up regularly and will be in hospital delivery in our hospital from 2011 to 2012 in our hospital, and their pregnant body mass index are in the normal range(18.5≤BMI <25). Randomly select 100 cases as the observation group that do perinatal weight management, and another 170 cases as control group that do routine treatment, then compare whether there are maternal and neonatal outcome differences between the two groups. In addition, compare whether there are the maternal and neonatal outcome differences among women with different age and degree. Results ①The ratio of weight gain too much and too little, the incidence of cesarean section rate, macrosomia, low birth weight, gestational diabetes and neonatal asphyxia of control group were signiifcantly higher than that of the observation group (P<0.05); and the incidence rate of postpartum hemorrhage, gestational hypertension disease, fetal distress and puerperal disease were higher than that of the observation group(P>0.05). ②As the growth of the age, there exists a increasing trend that weight gain too much weight during pregnancy, and the incidence of cesarean section, macrosomia, postpartum hemorrhage, gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension disease puerperal; In addition, with the cultural level increased, the rate of weight gain too much weight, cesarean section, the incidence of macrosomia exists a downward trend. Conclusion The maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women that have done weight management are better than that have not done management in the perinatal period. Therefore, it is worthy to popularize. In the future, we should pay more attention to maternal women with high age and low culture degree level and strength their consciousness of pregnancy weight management.