芽胞杆菌基因敲除技术及其在工农业应用中的研究进展

摘要

芽胞杆菌具较强的环境适应能力、抗逆性、分泌能力等优良性状,在工农业生产上具有广阔的应用前景.基因敲除技术是遗传改造芽胞杆菌的重要手段.然而,对于工农业生产中具有许多重要应用价值的芽胞杆菌,目前仍缺乏有效的基因敲除技术.近年来,研究人员在开发适用范围较广泛的芽胞杆菌基因敲除技术方面取得了较显著的进展.该文在简要介绍基因敲除原理的基础上,重点阐述了可在不同芽胞杆菌中操作的基因敲除技术的研究进展,归纳和总结这些方法的局限性,为选择不同基因敲除方法开展芽胞杆菌工农业菌株遗传育种工作提供建议.最后,笔者结合自身的研究工作,展望开发新一代芽胞杆菌基因敲除技术的发展趋势.%The gene knock-out technology is a powerful tool for genetic engineering of Bacillus for the use in industry and agriculture.However,effective gene knock-out technology remains unavailable to many Bacillus strains with important application values.In recent years,researchers made noticeable progresses in developing widely applicable gene knock-out technology for Bacillus.Herein,on the basis of brief introduction of the principle of gene knockout,we mainly describe recent advances in the widely applicable gene knock-out methods for Bacillus and summarize their limitations to provide suggestions for selection of gene knock-out strategies in industrial and agricultural breeding of Bacillus.Finally,based on our previous research,we envision the development of the new gene knock-out technology for Bacillus in the future.