BACKGROUND:Three-dimensional (3D) nanofiber scaffolds are aimed to mimic the physical and chemical signals of stem celsin vivo. 3D nanofiber scaffolds, which are capable to maintain the activity of stem cels, are promising in tissue regeneration and stem celltherapy. OBJECTIVE:To review the synthesis methods for 3D nanofiber scaffolds, and the interactions of stem cels and 3D scaffolds as wel as the current progress of 3D nanofiber scaffolds in tissue engineering. METHODS:Web of Science was searched with key words of “tissue engineering, nanofiber scaffold, stem cellfate” in English for articles relevant to stem celltissue engineering and 3D nanofiber scaffolds. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:3D nanofiber scaffolds can mimic the physical architecture ofin vivo microenvironment due to its nano-scale topology. Chemical modification of scaffolds endows chemical cues to stem cels. Therefore, 3D nanofiber scaffold can be a promising delivery vehicle of stem cels in tissue engineering. Nanofiber scaffolds can be synthesized through self-assembly, sol-gel phase separation, and electric spinning. 3D nanofiber scaffolds have been shown to improve thein vitro proliferation of hematopoietic stem cels, embryonic stem cels, mesenchymal stem cels, and neural stem cels. 3D nanofiber scaffolds with specific topology/chemical properties can induce the differentiation of stem cels into bone, cartilage, nerve, or muscle. 3D nanofiber scaffold which provides a satisfactory microenvironment for stem cellenhance the performance of stem celltherapy.%背景：三维纤维支架材料立足于模拟干细胞体内微环境的物理和化学特性，可以在极大程度上维持干细胞的活性，保证组织修复或干细胞治疗的疗效。目的：综述纳米纤维三维支架材料的制备方法及其与干细胞的相互作用，以及立足于这种材料的组织工程研究进展。方法：由作者在web of science以“tissue engineering, nanofiber scaffold, stem cel fate”为关键词，检索与干细胞组织工程和纳米纤维三维支架密切相关的研究。结果与结论：纳米纤维三维支架能够模拟干细胞微环境的物理结构，在其基础上进行表面改性可以进一步模拟微环境的化学信号，可为干细胞移植提供一个可靠的载体。纳米纤维三维支架材料的制备方法主要有分子自组装技术、溶液相分离和静电纺丝技术等。三维支架材料可以调控包括造血干细胞、胚胎干细胞、间充质干细胞和神经干细胞等干细胞的体外增殖。具有特定物理结构和生物化学表面的三维支架还可以在体外诱导干细胞向骨骼/软骨、神经或者肌肉等方向分化，还可以为干细胞移植提供适宜的微环境，保证干细胞治疗的效果。
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