前哨淋巴结活检在皮肤恶性黑色素瘤中的应用现状及进展

摘要

前哨淋巴结活检（sentinel lymph node biopsy，SLNB）是皮肤恶性黑色素瘤诊治过程中不可或缺的手段，在进行准确分期、预后判断以及治疗指导等方面都发挥着重要的作用。SLNB的操作方法已基本成熟，但在适应症的选择方面还存在一定的争议，仍无足够的证据表明前哨淋巴结活检联合区域淋巴结清扫（complete lymph node biopsy，CLND）能够延长转移患者的生存。此外，由于国内恶性黑色素瘤的发病率较低，SLNB尚未得到广泛开展，相关的操作方法也较为落后。近年来，随着恶性黑色素瘤发病率增高，其外科治疗也受到越来越多的关注。本文通过总结分析近年来的相关文献，对SLNB在皮肤恶性黑色素瘤中的应用现状和进展进行综述。%Sentinel lymph node biopsy has a very important function in the accurate staging, diagnosis, and treatment of malig-nant melanoma. The operational technique of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has been basically mature, but its indications remain unclear, especially for thin melanomas. Adequate evidence to show that SLNB combined with a complete lymph node dissection can prolong the survival of patients with metastasis is unavailable. Given the low incidence of malignant melanoma in the country, the use of SLNB has not been extensively investigated in China and the relevant methods are outdated. This review summarizes the current ap-plication of SLNB in cutaneous malignant melanoma by analyzing related studies conducted in recent years.