In this paper, the thermal characteristics of machine spindle systems are investigated based on the analyses of the mechanism of heat transfer and heat dissipation of a spindle. The heat exchanged through the surface is converted into the equivalent volume of heat source, and then, considering the coupling of elastic deformation and temperature, the heat conduction of a spindle system is modeled, in the meantime the matrix equation of nodes is deduced. Based on the numerical results, an iterative model of the spindle temperature and thermal deformation is acquired under the actions of thermal loads using the finite element analysis. The static/transient temperature field is calculated using the software. At last the impact of these parameters on the characteristics of thermal displacement and steady balance time are analyzed according to the results. The research results provide a theoretical foundation for optimizing spindle designs and the error compensation of a machine tool.%在分析机床主轴的传热、散热机理的基础上,研究了机床主轴的热特性.首先将表面所交换的热量等效折算成整个截面上的体积热源,考虑主轴的热弹性有限元关系,建立了主轴系统热瞬态传热学的本构方程,并推导出节点温度的矩阵方程.然后分析了主轴的散热条件和边界条件,利用瞬态温度场及热弹性耦合场模型,得到主轴的温度变化过程.最后分析了各参数对热伸长和稳态时间的灵敏度影响.此研究为优化主轴结构设计、减少发热提供了理论指导,并提出了改善主轴热特性的措施,为后续的误差补偿研究奠定了基础.
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