The purpose of this paper is to develop a new concept of the branches of property rights, and set up a new theoretical framework for the structure of the property rights, aiming to explain the current property right system of collectively-owned farmland in China. Methods employed include deductive analysis and law theory. The results indicate that the ownership includes four basic bundles of property rights, such as possession, use, profit and alteration. And further the four basic bundles of property rights are formed by more branches of property rights. The branches of property rights are the basic units of property rights, and each branch of property rights represents the possibility for enacting some kind of behavior. New types of property rights are formed through the separation, reorganization andcoupling of the basic bundles of property rights or their branches. It is concluded that, based on the new concept of the branches of property rights, a new theoretical framework of the structure of the property rights was set up. The current property right system of collectively-owned farmland in China could be well explained by the application of the new theory developed in this paper.%研究目的：提出权能支的新概念，建立一个新的财产权利权能结构理论框架，对当前中国集体农地权利体系进行解释。研究方法：逻辑推理法，法学分析方法。研究结果：所有权权能结构包括占有、使用、收益和处分四项基本权能，而这四项基本权能由若干更小的基本单元——权能支构成；权能支是财产权利的基本单元，每一个权能支意味着权利人可以依法实施一类行为的可能性，四项基本权能是由若干权能支组成的权能束；基本权能或权能支的分离、重组和耦合形成新的财产权利类型。研究结论：权能支概念的引入，拓宽了既有权能理论的解释能力，可以较好地解释新出
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