Plasma levels of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and gemfibrozil in fish exposed to sewage effluents: Assessing the risk of discharges to aquatic environments

摘要

A model for bioconcentration of Pharmaceuticals was tested by exposing rainbow trout to three sewage effluents and analyzing Pharmaceuticals in their blood. Fish plasma concentrations were compared to human therapeutic plasma concentrations of the drugs to rank the possibility of target interactions. Actual plasma levels of diclofenac, naproxen and gemfibrozil were similar or lower than modelled values, which is acceptable for an early tier test, however ibuprofen levels were >200 times higher than modelled at one site. No bioconcentration of ketoprofen was detected. Diclofenac and gemfibrozil, followed by ibuprofen, are predicted to have the highest risk of target interactions in fish. However, bioconcentration factors varied considerably between sites which could not be attributed to differences in water concentrations, temperatures or exposure time. This suggests that chemical characteristics of effluent and recipient water could be useful to improve models for bioconcentration of Pharmaceuticals in aquatic organisms.