Neurophysiological Aspects of Implementing a Comprehensive Interdisciplinary Approach in Supporting the Education of Schoolchildren with Health Disabilities

摘要

The article analyzes theoretical aspects of the problem and the data of our neurophysiological study previously conducted on the state of the central nervous system (CNS) of students with impaired intelligence. The authors reasonably show the need to study the characteristics of mental development and the organization of training and education of persons with intellectual disabilities in the framework of a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach, with an emphasis on the neurophysiological aspect. The authors highlight the features of the bioelectric activity of the brain, in particular, certain parameters of the main rhythm of the central nervous system (in particular, the α-rhythm). They can be considered as highly informative indicators not only of the specifics of the brain activity of children with health disabilities but also as the basis of the specifics of the mental development of children with disabilities. Besides, these indicators serve as a neurophysiological substrate for the organization of effective corrective development work during the training and education of the studied contingent of schoolchildren. As a result, the authors determine not only the need for an interdisciplinary approach in studying the characteristics of people with disabilities, but they also substantiate the insufficient development in the defectological theory and practice. In addition, the authors prove the need for its theoretical justification by specialists of the biomedical profile and its consideration by teachers in practical activities. Its consideration and development achieve the implementation of this approach at the theoretical, methodological, and practical levels.