Advances in Biomass Power Generation Using Fluidized Bed Gasification Techniques: Update of Current State of the Art and Report of Challenges and Opportunities

摘要

This paper presents advances in biomass power generation using fluidized bed technologies over several decades of development. The original patent for the Texas A&M University Fluidized bed gasification technology was issued in 1989 to LePori and Parnell (Patent No. 4,848,249). Newer provisional patents were recently issued (No. 20130205727 and 20130153395) where advancement on the original technology has been implemented as well as expanding the operational thermal conversion processes or modes of operation.The TAMU Fluidized bed gasification system can now be operated in either pyrolysis or gasification modes and is able to convert wide range of biomass feedstock into high quality synthesis gas, bio-oil and bio-char. An advanced gas cleanup system has beendeveloped as well as incorporating the use of unique catalytic-type bed material to further improve the quality of syngas for power generation. To even further improve the quality of syngas for power generation, especially with the use of low quality biomass such as animal manure, enhanced oxygen or steam operation may be implemented via smart control system. Two power production options were also developed, one using conventional internal combustion engine (natural gas, gasoline or diesel engine) as well as external combustion engines. The use of external combustion engine (ECE) will not require complicated gas cleanup system. The use of ECEs will eliminate gas clean-up waste streams.The TAMU Fluidized Gasification System has in the past been licensed using the following feedstock: municipal solid wastes (MSW), poultry litter, municipal sludge (or biosolids), and wood wastes.