Mutually Beneficial Sino-Russian Boundary Treaties in Early Qing Dynasty

摘要

At the end of the 17th century and the beginning of the 18th century, China and Russia signed two boundary treaties, the Nerchinsk Boundary Treaty and the Kyakhta Treaty. Through those two treaties, China ceded part of its territory to Russia and opened its borders to trade, while Russia promised to extradite Junggar army deserters in Russia. Finally, China consolidated the dominion of the central government in Qing Dynasty and achieved stability in the northwestern frontier, while Russia obtained a rich commercial profit. Judging from the interests of both parties, the two treaties made between China and Russia in early Qing Dynasty were mutually beneficial to both parties.