The establishment of Chinese garden aesthetics can be traced back to the era of the Wei (220-265 A.D.), Jin (265-420 A.D.) and the Southern and Northern dynasties (420-589 A.D.). The specific historical conditions forced the literati-official class to ignore politics, indulge themselves to natural landscape and express their feelings in the natural beauty of lakes and mountains, making Chinese gardening full of randomness and occasionally. If we make a general survey of the garden, we will find that the layout is always changing, and there is not strict subordinate relationship between the whole and the part; the structure is very loose without regulation to follow. In the west, the ancients believed that art originated from the coordination of quantities, so they can produce the beauty as long as they adjust the proportion of quantities well. It is important in the art that the structure must be as clear, definite and logical as mathematics. So they calculated the beauty with numbers, trying to find out the most beautiful form and proportion in an attempt to use mathematical formulas to show.
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