KINETICS AND MECHANISM FOR THE KETONIZATION OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS WITH DIFFERENT CARBON CHAIN LENGTHS ON RU/TK)2 CATALYSTS

摘要

Bio-oil produced by fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass has attracted considerable attention as an intermediate liquid product towards the production of fuels. However its chemical instability, high viscosity, and corrosiveness limit their processability and storage. One of the greatest challenges in the upgrading of bio-oil is the accelerated degradation that occurs when the condensed liquid is subsequently heated for fractionation or other processing. Catalytic upgrading is an attractive strategy that can be used to optimize carbon efficiency and minimize hydrogen usage. Ketonization is an important path for the formation of C-C bonds from carboxylic acids. This reaction not only eliminates undesired acidity in the liquid but also generates ketones that can be easily hydrogenated to alcohols, which are subsequently used as alkylation agents. In this way, short carbon fragments (C1-C3) can be readily incorporated into the aromatic ring of phenolic compounds to produce components of the fuel pool.