HIGHLY ACTIVE OXIDE CATALYSTS FOR THE CATALYTIC KETONIZATION OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

摘要

The present invention provides methods comprising reacting a first carboxylic acid or ester with a second carboxylic acid or ester in the presence of a metal oxide comprising Zr, Ce, Mn and O to produce at least one ketone. In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for upgrading a fuel. In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for upgrading a bio-oil. In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for converting carboxylic acids or their derivatives into ketones. In some embodiments, the present invention provides a biomass conversion process.